Ethics in Islam

foreign twenty-four hour period invite got of academician query in blood and fond Sciences troop 2012, Vol. 2, no(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 Muslim Perception of ph unriv each(prenominal)ed line moral philosophy and the Impact of Secular Thoughts on Muslim championship ethical motive Muhammad Hashim Lecturer Goernment College of Management Science, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan Abstract The exercise of this paper is to further ift a formst the ancestry moral philosophy percept in Islam and to unveil the occidental unsanctified values and thoughts regarding ethical motive. We bind pre directed the conglomerate repeatedly versifys from devoted rule guard and teachings of the illusionist.But unluckily the westmostern dominancy on our bodys with great intent effaced our nerve c throw in Islamic values, principles and belief regarding line of cogitateing and trade. The dominancy of their organism has occupied a vital rule in on the whole the major activit ies in our put to work and we argon constrained to watch over. limitedly Moslems atomic number 18 striving for practic exclusivelyy usefulness and they argon ignoring the ethical standard of the championship, what Islam prohibits and what readys they dont c ar. Being Islamics we moderate to hunt the rules and regulation for commercial enterprise relationss which stated by Islamic jurisprudence the credit line organisation get protrude sustain its image and entrust be able to stick out.Key phrases line of merchandise godliness, Islam, Perception, western thoughts, rule book, Ahadith, Islamic jurisprudence. 1. Introduction In to sidereal days advanced(a) rail line each concern enterprise is fettered to dramatize the ethical persuasion of the subscriber line language because no close to one(a)al credit line activity sop up be take up decimated and organized without grappleing sound Islamic line of work morality especi completelyy for Muslim s. Because the h completelyowed leger says exclusivelyah has made barter organization legitimate for you If a person knows approximately(predicate) the vast range of issues which argon confederated with all the run of marketing so w here(predicate)fore he/she back end best small-armage the overall parentage with splendid elbow rooms.If we talk active moral philosophy a clear picture come ons to our mind nigh the behavioral aspect of the melody person or mangers that how he is going to deal customer in best and suitable manner. If the sen condemnationnt of ethics is prevail in the 98 www. hrmars. com/journals outside(a) ledger of Academic inquiry in condescension and loving Sciences frame in 2012, Vol. 2, nary(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 mind of entrepreneur then certainly he lot never deceive the customer at all. imprudent behavior in this regard whitethorn damage or bump the overall line of merchandise nifty forget and reputation.The customs of v isionary (May peace be upon him) states The Muslims are bound by their provisions or stipulations ( Abu Daud, hadith no.3120) to the highest degree infielder and hypocrite who break devour the ascertain the tradition of consecrated oracle states thus the hypocrite is non a cry person if he makes promise he breaks it and if he makes compact, he act traitorously (Bukhari,1 hadith nary(prenominal) 32) In country like ours we mustiness follow the Islamic jurisprudence regarding job feat and the way of conducting daily and numeral business proceedings. In this behalf we nonify follow the instructions and orders of sacred volume and Ahadith2 of our illusionist (sws).It is the great bounty of Fiege who revealed the sanctum sanctorum volume for the direction of military man beings with clear revelations over prophesier Muhammad (sws) who is the incarnation for all human beings a concise slightons and glade tidings for those who believe on day of resurrection/dooms day, exemplar and wrath for those who belie all the clear sign or poesys. It is wrong if nigh one makes stratagems or plots in daily routine business movement with their customers using abuse language and showing despise then he is casting his self-grandness into darkness and plunge into astray.The great joy and avert self from seditious or humiliation is to plain business dealingss and good behavior with customers. Ancient pack of visionary shuaib (A. S) were noneworthy for unethical dealings and wrong measuring and weighing of goods. They were considering adulteration, feigning and fraud in business transaction their triumph and rejoice except they could non know the plot of oft-for go acrossr, and hence calamity seize them regulate where they did non know about. In the holy al-Quran Allah says And to Madyan flock we displace their pal shuaib.He state O my populate, Worship Allah, you get low ones skin no some sourer(a) ilah (god) still when Him, and giv e non piffling greenback or weight. I foregather you in prosperity and verily I fear for you the torment of a day encompassing (surah Hud, cleave 12, rhythm no 84) And O my people, go forth full barroom and weight in justice and reduce non the intimacys that are delinquent to the people, and do non commit mischief in the land, causing corruption. (Hud, contribution 12, pen line,85. ) That which is left by Allan for you (after giving the right of the people) is amend for you, if you are believers.And I am not a guardian over you (Hud, snap off 12, 86) 1 Book ready of the Ahadith 2 Sunnah of the holy place vaticinator Muhammad( May Peace Be upon Him) 99 www. hrmars. com/journals outside(a) journal of Academic enquiry in commerce and br separately Sciences promenade 2012, Vol. 2, no 3 ISSN 2222-6990 Further account book says He said O my people, break up me if I bemuse clear evidence from my lord and He has attached me a good sustenance from Himself (shall I corrupt it by potpourri it with the flagitiously realize money). I wish not, in contradiction to you, to do that which I forbid you.I only desire re course of study to the best of my power. And my instruction tidy sum not come except form Allah, in Him I trust and unto Him I repent. (Verse no, 88). Further the people of Madyan said, Quran tells us They said O shuaib, we do not understand much of what you say, and we claver you ill-defined among us. Were it not for your family, we should certainly make stoned you and you are not tendinous against us. (Verse no 92, bankrupt 12. ) On another(prenominal)(a) place of the sacred Quran, Allah says, the d healthfulers of Al-Aikah (place realise near Madyan3) belied the couriers. (Surah 26, fortune 19, compose no 175)4 praxis full measure and cause no loss to others And weigh with the true and straight balance. (Verse no 181,182) And defraud not people by reducing their things, nor do evil, reservation corruption and m ischief in the land. Then we can chatter what was the retort for much(prenominal)(prenominal) a transgress nation, they could not outstripped the Quran says And when our Commandment came, we relieve Shuaib and those who believed with him by a Mercy from Us. And As-Saihah (torment awful cry) seized the wrong doers, and they lay (dead), monotone in their homes. (Verse no 94, digress 12. ) It is clear form the above verses that how the people of Madyan were defrauding the people in things, and they were considering short measure and weights to the people accomplishment in their business. This is a single parable a thousand of exemplary events in this regard may prove about outcast people and nations. around lawful business transaction we can see the truism of our beatified prophet (saww) 3 Nation of the prophet Shuaib( A. S) 4 Quran( the last revealed book) speed of light www. hrmars. com/journalsInternational daybook of Academic Research in clientele and complaisant Sci ences surround 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 Islam encourages candor and reliability in business transaction. The holy place prophet saidThe honest merchant/business man on the day of resurrection leave be rewarded with prophets, pious, virtuous and martyr people. (Tarmidhi, hadith No 1130). nowadays we briefly converse the term ethics, business, business ethics, and the reason why Muslims acquit failed to follow the instruction of the Holy Quran and sayings of the Holy prophet (saww) in business dealings. . Literature go over 2. 1 Ethics the word ethic is derived from the Greek word ethos factor custom and usage. A knowledge what ever is right and good for humans. ( VU,2011)5. Ethics a set of moral principles which enable a person to distinguish between things which one is good and which one is bad. The term ethics is often use as ethics, morality in actions is very historic constituent no behavior can be positive with out good and resonance initiation of ethics. Et hics as well as sustain behavior and it leads good attitude. Dr Sabahuddin Azmi). We may define ethics as normative science of the conduct of human being vivacious in societiesa science which judge this conduct to be right or wrong, to be good or bad. Or in some like way. William Lillie (1971). radicalally the word ethics if we see it in Islamic vista means to see what is good and bad tenderly as strong as morally because ethics is something which play important role for reservation and developing an sound and pious confederation. (syed abul Aala Mawdodi,1994)6To be ethical it is required to take a shit clear good judgment and responsibilities. The ethics can be covered from education, a person can get and train ethically by learning, but there is no contain of some special education for ethics a person can learn form his surrounding and environment. To solve difficult situation and face distinguishable t train requires ethical understanding, a good human interaction n eeds a good and sound base of ethics, if a business want to be called an ethical take oned business, so it requires to resume such action which are ethically take backed.Most people think that business has nothing to do with ethics but it business ignored the ethical standard exit tolerant its image and not be able to survive. (Muhammad Tufail, 2009) 5 Virtual university Lahore Pakistan. 6 The great Islamic scholar and writer of 21st nose candy one hundred one www. hrmars. com/journals International diary of Academic Research in Business and societal Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 2. 2 Business Business can be defined both activity which is done for the purpose of earning meshwork but legitimate activity is called business.Illegal or illicit activities not think in the limit of the business. In literary sense, the term business means the state of being busy it includes all those activity which are link with production, dissemination and selling of goods and services with the core object of earning profit. According L. H. Haney, it is a human activity directed towards providing or acquiring wealth by means of get and selling. According to Urwick and Hunt they describes business s an enterprise which makes, distributes or tins twain article or services which the other members of the community need and are able and welling to pay for it. According to R. N. Owen It includes all the commercial and industrial activities which provide goods and services to people with the objective to earn profit. (Saeed Nasir, 1995) 2. 3 Business ethics So for carrying all these bustles business ethics an important destiny to formulate particular ethical standard in the framework of barter and then applied.So business ethics is a device use in exchange transactions to accomplish the obligations. We chief(prenominal)tain seen in the definition of the business and lose already define ethics what does it mean, no it is clear that busines s includes all production and distribution activities relating goods and services, now we have to follow all that business morality which comes under business ethics and which Quran and saying of the prophet tell us that how we should do our dealings and what norm we should kept in mind before dealings.But we are cent percent failed to follow the ordained of fiege and the saying of the Holy prophet, because we debates on business ethics and business morality but when time comes then we ignore the verses of the Holy Quran and the action of the apostle. Being a Muslim we must see and knowledge the Quran and sunnah,7 as we know being a Muslim that the western blasphemous ethical values are relatively useful in this domain but it is respite, and the Islamic code of ethics are much constructive not in this gentlemans gentleman but likewise hereafter. In this paper our core debate is to see business ethics in the radiance of Islamic perception.But unfortunately the western dominancy on our systems with great extent effaced our core Islamic values, beliefs and idea regarding business and trade. The dominancy of their 7 Saying and actions of the holy prophet Muhammad(sws) 102 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 organism has occupied a vital rule in all the major activities in our system and we are constrained to follow. We hash out it briefly. 2. 4 Different isms of secularism and the west approachWest people have the habit of labeling any fruitful growth in the world to themselves. They think that they are playing a major role in the development of the world, about the rules regulation, regarding business and trade, human rights, justice, social and economic development, for congressman they says that the human right theory was freshman emerge in Britain, which was draw up six hundred years after form the orgasm of Islam, (syed abul Aala Mawdodi,) L ack of curiosity of our young person genesis is overly due to the different isms which have gotten different shapes in the west.For rememorizing the lesson of Islamic ideas to our young generation require a sound and complete set of Islamic core values so It can be hoped to restand or re construct the mind of our young people to follow the instruction and set of laws of Islam not only in their daily and routine dealings but in any case in their integral spiritedness.May be there are not many people who have affected from the western sciences and arts but many secular isms which they have presented in shape of agnosticism, or atheism, logical empiricism, realism, atomism, logical positivism, pull roundentialism, evolutionism, naturalism, empiricism, phonomenalism8, pragmatism9, behaviorism and secular humanism etc with great extent have embedded in present political, traditional, sciences and arts and social sciences and perceptibly these isms are lacking people from Islamic doctrines and believes.So the reason is that we are for away from Islamic philosophy and need to know form Islamic billet each and every subject. (Ahmad Hussain Kamal, 2002). Our whole education system is based on western thoughts the institutions in which you people are analyze are the remnants of the west, so how it can be hoped from the young generation to survive in such situation (syed abul Aala Mawdodi, 1966) 2. 5Effect of secular thoughts on mod studies 8 The doctrine that human knowledge is confined to or founded on the realities or appearances presented to the senses. 9 An approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. 103 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990The invertebrate foot of all modern studies have been laid down on secular thoughts, for example if we talk about medical, engineering , geology, sociology, business trade and commerce etc we are compelled to follow that thoughts which have been emerged in our life story, consequently we have kept far from Islamic approach to study all these modern sciences. These secular thoughts are understandably moving in our bloods and causing less keenness to Islamic jurisprudence. (Dr. Ahmad Hussain , 2002). 2. 6 Theories of the secular thinkers and philosophersNiccolo Machiavelli and martin Luther two rebel minded philosophers with great extent has damage the mind of the people, similarly sir Thomas more than social philosopher, with his book utopia, Tommaso Companella Italian philosopher and theologian, in his book city of the sun, with the advent of cardinal century two more rebel minded philosopher appeared, Renato Russo and Voltaire, Renato Russo published his first article in 1750 and second one in 1753 in the find of the beginning of in costity in humans Russo wrote his third book on the pee of social hug in 1763.Russo was the rebel minded philosopher who was completely changed the mind of the people. Karl Marx and Angels, the founder of communism, bolshevism, Marxism, and communism, the Britain Bradley, Green, Boozing, and Hume, German Immanuel Kant, Goethe, Friedrich Hegel, all of these were affected from thoughts and ideas of Russo. From Russo thoughts and ideas most of philosophers have presented their theories and ideas. The thoughts and ideas of Russo were rebel one, and with great extent that ideas and thoughts dented the mind of other people, and the ready of which we can see on Muslims society and traditions.The ideas of different thinkers grown, and the time came when the concept of mercantilism, capitalism and socialism born. He was the hug drug smith who presented the theory of capitalism in his book wealth of nation. Two hundred year superannuated concept of mercantilism which grew in 16th century, and spread in wide areas of sub-continents, America, south Africa and south Asia and the remote parts of the Indonesia and Australia which had effected the economic and social system now become changed in capitalism.Obviously these secular systems had drowned people into marsh. And the Adam smith just not stopped but he introduced a new theory of freetraddism and soon the world whole system of business dealing such as, agriculture, industry, and mineral productions came under this theory and system. Then we see john Keynes theory of saving and investing his theory was also created confusion, and wrote down a book the general theory of employment, interest and money in which he presented a new theory regarding economics in 1936. fter that we see a new step in the mid of 19th century which was taken by Karl Marx, by written a detailed and well grounded book in the name of Capital which paved the way to socialism. ( Kamal Hussain, 2002). 2. 7 104 Impacts of secular views www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business a nd Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990Now the nations whos societies are built on the basis of these secular thoughts and views, the element of poison must exist there they will considered those things utilitarian for their business and trade, for their economy and society which Islam have prohibited for example, they will not discriminate between legitimate and illicit resources on acquiring position, they will induce people towards interest, saving, making unsporting earning, bribery, theft, hocus-pocus and fraud, making funds, less inclination to alms, free use of wine, alcohol, intoxicant, gambling, body-build of swine, dead animal etc. hey western people just makes rules, plans for business ethics and they implement those which are useful for them. ( Abul Aala Mawdodi, 1959) The most important thing which western theologians have permitted to use in business dealing is interest. But Islam says it is prohibited either it is in any shape or kinds the rece iving and giving of Riba (interest) is unlawful dealing and the money which the person earn form it is haram10. About the origin of interest it is commonly said that it is created from those secular theories which have presented by different western philosophers in different age and time.The wealthier people considered it a easily source for making otiose money, to get the surplus money secured these wealthier people made a search for persons who could guarantee riskless return of money as and when called. (Dr. Habib-ur-Rehaman, 2003) 2. 8 What Islam says about business ethics Now our core discussion on business ethics its perception in Islam, in first pages we have tried to show that what west thinks about business ethics, they says it is business morality and morality increase the profit of business concern irrespective of considering lawful and unlawful activities or dealings.We have to see first what Islam is. 2. 8. 1 Meaning of Islam The world Islam is Arabic world and its or igin from SLM11 (silm) means submission, surrender, obedience, to yield, or to give ones self up. Thus Aslama alone means he committed himself to the will of beau ideal salm means peace. And silm which also means the theology of Islam. 10 Illegitimate, unlawful 11 Islam 105 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990Islam in law essentially of two kinds a) a simple confession with the tongue b) the other that along with confession, there is belief in the heart and fulfillment in practice, and endurance to God. The other meaning of Islam is peace, if one submission and obedience to Allah, that one can achieve real peace of body and of mind and which bugger off a real peace to society at large. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999). In one Hadith in which the Prophet (SWS) reply on the asking of Jibrael (Gabriel (AS) narrated by Abu Hurairah, Jibrael asked, what is Islam?Allah Messenger (sws) repl ied, To theology Allah alone and none else, to perform prayer (As-Salat), to give Zakat and to wield Saum (fast) during the month of Ramadan (M. Taqi-ud-DinAl-Hilali, 1998) So Islam is the piety of Muslims. As in the holy Quran Allah says This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as religion (surah 5, part 6, verse no 3). Now if some one seeks another religion for himself, so Allah says And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam.It will never be accepted of him, and in the afterlife he will be the on e of the losers. (Surah 3, part 3, verse no 85. ) Quran says O you believe enter perfectly into Islam and follow not the footsteps of Satan (s2, p2 v208) The holy prophet said Ad- Din (Islam) is the name of sincerity and will-wishing. (Muslim). We can also study from the holy Quran to know what is exact meaning of Islam for this purpose these verses shows what islam is? S, 20, p16, verses, 13 to16. S 21, p1, v24.S , no 3 v no 19, s no 3 v no 85, s, no 4 v 89, s no 6 v 125, s no 12 v 101, s no 39 v 22, s no 61 v 7,s no 66 v 5. The study of tafsir of Abul Aala Mawdodi tafhim-ul-quran 3rd and Tafsir of Syed Qutab Shaheed fe zalalil quran12 may be fruitful to fully understand the concept of Islam 2. 8. 2 Need of the prophets (couriers) To every nations Allah sent Messengers to invite them to the right path and to the pietism of Allah alone, bring them out from the darkness of polytheism into the light of monotheism. All the prophets sermonized about monotheism (Tauhid) i. e. belief in the oneness of Allah.In several(prenominal) places in Nobel Quran tell us about this fact, Noah(Nuh) sent to his people, Hud sent to his people Ad, Salih sent to his people Thamud, Shuaib sent to his people Madyan, Lut(lot) sent to his people Sodom, and Muhammad(sws) sent to his nation and for all hu world and jinn. The purpose of sending all these prophets to people is just to preach about Tauhid, to 12 Commentar y of the holy book Quran 106 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 worship Allah and none has the right to be worshipped but Allah.And to worship Allah means to obey Him and to do all that things which He has ordained, and to bring to an end from all those things which He has forbidden. But the place of Prophet Muhammad (May peace be upon him) among the entire prophet is different, because Muhammad (May peace be upon him) sent for all mankind and jinn. As in noble Quran Allah says say O Muhammad (sws) O mankind verily, I am sent to you all as messenger of Allah (surah no 7, verse, 158) and in another place Allah says And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad (sws) gives you, take it and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain from it. (Surah no 59, verse no 7) And also Allah says Say (O Muhammad (sws) to mankind) if you wonder Allah then follow me (accept Islamic monotheism, follow the Quran and Sunnah (legal ways of the prophet (sws), Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins. (S. no, 3, v, no 31). (M. Muhsim khan, . M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Narrated by Abdullah Ben Amr ben Al-As, the prophet Muhammad (sws) said Allah did not send a prophet but gratified him to lead his people to the best way which is cognise to him, and warn and abstain them against the worst which is known to him. (Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, 1999).Now we have seen from the above what Islam is and why Allah sent Messengers, if we give more Verses and Ahadith our subject will require more time and space which we can not treat here. Now here we shall see what the business ethics concept in Islam what are those business morality which Islam permits and which prohibits. 2. 8. 3 Business ethics in Islam The most stress which is given in Islam on the ethical address of some one, if we study the holy Quran and Ahadith, we shall find a apparent verses and the saying of the holy p rophet Muhammad (sws) on ethical norms and moral codes.Islam emphasize to follow these ethical norms not only in personal and family life but also to follow in business dealings and transactions. Islam is a complete way of life. It provides guidance for all activities either these are individual, social, worldly and moral, legal and cultural, economic and political and national or international. Islam invites the man to enter the f old(a) of Islam without any vacillation and to follow Allah guidance in all fields of life. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999) The Quran verses and teaching of prophet tell us about the wide range of ethical norms to be followed i. . in our social contract, contract with family, in equality of the sexes, contract with individual, dealings regarding neighbors, friend, relatives, in business transactions, common 107 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 and privat e life, chastity of women, security of the life and property, justice, protection of honor, ethics with non-combatants, combatants, sanctity of the property, dead body, and rules regarding the declaration of war. (Abul Aala Mawdodi, 1999).In one hadith in which prophet Muhammad (sws) says I have been sent for the purpose of good morals In the noble Quran Allah says ye have then in the messenger of Allah an excellent exemplar (surah no 33, verse no 21. ) The holy prophet said the best among you is one whose character is best ( hold). The holy prophet said A person devoid of sympathy is devoid of any good (Muslim). Holy Prophet said, A time will come upon people when they will not differentiate what they earned is legitimate or unlawful (Bukhari, 1941. ) In another place the tradition of Prophet (P. B. O. H) states, To say a good word is just a charity (agreed).And said Every good deed is charity (Bukhari) The prophet (SAWS) said he who deceives is not of us other place the prophet said the honest merchant will be rewarded on the day of judgment with prophets, pious people and martyrs (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) Honesty in business not mean that the trafficker always s stop by the name of Allah for his transaction if he does so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982) The prophet reported to have said one who has no pros of trust he does not faith and one who he does not fulfill his promise he has no Din (religion). (Tafhimul-Quran, 1994)13 He who deceives us is not of us (Muslim). Be quick in doing goods. (Muslim). (Mulana Sardar Ali khan, 2004). In short Islam is given too much importance on morality and ethics. 13 Commentary of the Holy book Quran. 108 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 3. Ideology14 of Islamic business ethics Here we shall discuss shortly about those beliefs and philosophy which Islam authorizes in business dealing and which comes under the scope of bu siness ethics. 1. Trust 2. Legitimate resources on acquiring property. 3. graze to usance 4.Zakat 5. Parsimony (thriftiness) or economic order. 6. Lawful earning 7. Honesty in business dealings. 8. Bounty and public in business contacts. 9. Satisfying all business obligations. 10. Reasonable handling of staff. 11. Mutual esteem. 12. Clear business transactions. 13. Purchasing, and buying justly. 3. 1 Trust Trust should be the first belief for every Muslim, because the faith on Tuhaid (monotheism) is the basic steps for all dealings and actions. on that point are three aspects of Islamic monotheism. Oneness of the lordship of Allah, to believe that there is no Lord except powerful Allah, He is alone the reator, sustainer, planner of the creation and all that exist. Oneness of the worship of Allah, to believe that none has the right to be worshiped but Alone Allah. Oneness of the names and qualities of Allah, we must not fix Allah except With what He or His Messenger has named or qualify him (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Allah says in the noble Quran And subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, it is all as a favor and kindness from Him. Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply (surah 45, part 25, verse no, 13. much(prenominal) is Allah, your lord, none has the right to be worshiped but He, the Creator of all things, so worship Him(Alone), and He is the Trustee, disposer, of affairs, Guardian over all things,( 14 Basic principles for business ethics in Islam 109 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 surah 6, part,7, verse no 102. ) and other place Allah the churchman says Verily We have sent down the Book o you ( O Muhammad(sws) in truth so worship Allah( Alone) by doing religious deeds sincerely for Allahs stake only. (Surah 39, part 23, verse no 02. ) Similarly in several other places in the noble Quran we can see about the lesson of monotheism such as in surah no 01, verse no 05, part 01, surah no 02,part no 01, verse no 138, surah no 03,part 03, verse no 30,surah no 07, part 07, verse no 29, surah no 13,part 13, verse no36, surah no 16,part 14, verse no 120, surah no 22, part 17, verse no 31, surah no 24, part no18, verse no 55, surah no 29, part 20, verse no 17, surah no 30, part no 21, verse no 28, surah no 40, part no 24, verse no 14. 3. 2Legitimate resources on acquiring property The second main thing which Islam allow to his followers is rightful source of wealth and property, if some one earning so they must discriminate between lawful and unlawful source of income, this discrimination is based on such criteria that if one person earning and the other person suffering loss so Islam does not permit such kind of earning and transaction, Islam only allow those transaction in which twain the parties have the emolument and their free take over. Because Islam want s impartiality between dealings. Mawdodi, 1974) As Allah powerful says in His noble Quran O you believe, consume not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by joint consent, and do not kill yourselves,. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you. (Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 29. ) And whoever commits that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is easy for Allah. (Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 30. ) And in their properties there was the right of the beggar who asks and the poor who does not ask others (surah 51, part 26, verse no 19. Similarly on other places on the noble Quran we can study about the property such as, surah 2, p. 2, v. 188, surah 3,p. 4,v. 186, surah no 4, p. 4 v. 5 and 7, surah no,59,p. 28,v. 7and9, surah no 70,p. 29,v. 25. 3. 3 Order to expenditure The basic teaching of Islam tells us about send packinging and not hookup of money, but here the purpose of spending is not that a man must spen t on his or her luxury and spam working but the main point is when a person saved more than from his needs so then it is obligatory to spent that excess meter or money on the way of Allah (sake of).So Islamic concept here is totally different than other secular concepts, here Islam says if one spend for the sake of Allah, his wealth increase, and there will be blessing on his property and wealth and Allah will give 110 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 him recompense. We can find a several verses in the Holy Quran in which Allah ordained to spend for His sake and He will requite for. Allah says in the Quran And they ask you about what they ought to spend.Say that which is beyond your needs. (Surah 2, p2, v 219. ) Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to commit Fahsha (evil deeds) whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and Bounty, and Allah is All Suff icient for His creatures needs, All Knower. (Surah 2, p2, v 268. ) And whatever you spend in good, it will be repaid to you in full, and you shall not be wronged. (Surah 2, p2, v 272. ) Allah will destroy Riba (interest) and will give increase for Sadaqat (charity, alms), and Allah likes not the disbeliever, sinners. (Surah 2, p2, v 276. ) Similarly in surah no 02, p2 v. 280, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, 265, surah no 02, p2 v. 271, surah no 02, p2 v. 267, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, surah no 30, p21 v. 39, surah no 35, p22 v. 29, 30, surah no 51, p2 6v. 19, surah no 04, p05 v. 36. Quran also teaches us about to spend for the sake of Allah. 3. 4 Zakat Islam prohibits earning only for self and not caring the poor people in the society. Islam prevents the concentration of wealth in few hands but ensures the distribution among the poor people in a prescribed rate.Zakat15 will be collected from all those who are involved or engaged any productive business activity or having excess money or hold ing assets for a period of not less than one year. Islam ensures the best of social security and bring Cooperation with the rest of the community members. (Habib Ur ehman, 2003. ) Because zakat purifies the wealth and bring prosperity in a state and efface the concept of socialism and capitalism in which wealth comes under the control of one hand.In various places in the noble Quran Allah Almighty says take Saddaqa from their wealth in order to purify them (surah 09, verse no 103, part no 10). And other place Allah says As Sadaqat are only for poor Al Masakin, and those engaged to collect and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined, and to free the captives, and for those in debt, and for Allahs cause. (Surah 09, verse no 60 part no 10). In surah Baqara Almighty orders Establish worship and pay the poor due (give zakat), (verse no 43. bring to pass As-Salat and give zakat (poor due) and that is the 15 A contribution from wealth in the way of Allah. 111 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 right religion. (Surah 98, verse no 05, part no 30. ) We can also find several verses in the Holy Quran in which Allah have cleared about the ZAKAT, for example we can see the pursual verses in the noble book.In surah no 73, part no 29, verse no 20, surah no 58 , part no 28 , verse no 13 , surah no 41 , part no 24 , verse no 07 , surah no 33, part no 22, verse no 33 , surah no 31 , part no 21, verse no 04 , surah no 27, part no 19 verse no03,no surah no 24 , part no 18 , verse no 37 , surah no 23 , part no 18 verse no 04, surah no 22 , part no 17, verse no 41, surah no 21 , part no 17 verse no 72 , surah no 19 , part no 16 verse no 31, surah no 09 , part no 10 verse no 05 , surah no 05 , part no 06 verse no 12, surah no 04, part no 05 verse no 77, surah no 02 , part no 01 verse no 43. The main object of zakat and charity is to help those people who do no t beg of people at all. In one hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah the prophet said seven people will be shaded by Allah under shade on the day of resurrection among them one will be he who practices Charity so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand has given. (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). 3. 5 Parsimony (thriftiness) or economic order Islam also prohibits Muslim from spending spam and not like a prodigal person. Islam orders to every Muslim to spend fit to their needs and they must keep up the concept of parsimony.Those who are extravagant, spendthrifts and churl persons are not like in Islam. This lesson of Islam tell us about if one person who having sufficient money and spending more than form his need may be a chance to becomes poor and nor permits any person who do act of niggardly or become a meager and do not spend to fulfill his needs but like those who go between these two way. Islam has also closed all the doors of extravagance and made cle ar rules and regulation for all the things which breaks down the equal distribution of wealth.Islam proscribes all those activities which brings and creates spiritual and moral problems. Allah Almighty says in his book And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor niggardly but hold a medium (way) between those. (Surah no 25, part no 19, verse no 67. ) In other place Allah says verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils) and the Satan is ever unthankful to his Lord. ( surah no 17, part no 15 verse no 27. ) so we can find several other interpretations of Fiege in different verses of the Holy Quran.Such as Surah no 07, part no 08, verse no 31, Surah no 17 , part no 15 , verse no 26 and 27, Surah no25 , part no 19 , verse no 67 , Surah no 04 , part no 04 verse no 06 , Surah no 06 , part no 08 , verse no 141. 3. 6 Lawful earnings Islam emphasis on legitimate and Halal earning. There is no compliance in Islam for those business men who conduct their busi ness dealings through unlawful and unligitemate 112 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 means and earns profit.Islam permits only for legitimate business as Quran tells us, O you who believe Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it may be trade among you by mutual consent (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ) In surah Al-Baqarah ALLAH says These are they who have purchased error for guidance, so their commerce was profitless. And they were not guided(S. 2,P. 1,V. 16. ) we can also study Ahadith in which Prophet has clearly mentioned the importance of legitimate earning, one day some one asked from Holy Prophet about best sort of gains, Prophet said, a gain which a man work with his hands, and all legitimate activities. Ahmad, 1576. ) Every Muslim business men should aware from all lawful means of business and dealings. Because once Holy Prophet said, A time w ill come upon people when they will not differentiate what they earned is legitimate or unlawful (Bukhari, 1941. ) Islam forbids tyrannical dealing such as Riba (interest) and condemns it, Holy Quran says Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba (s. 2 p. 3 v. 275. ) the prophet said may Allah send down His curse all the persons who uses, pays, witnesses and write down the Riba (Ahmad. 24), Almighty ALLAH says, eat up not one anothers property unjustly (stealing, robbing, deceiving etc. ) and nor give bribery to the rulers (s. 2. p, 2 v. 188. ) so we can see from the above verses and Hadith that how Islam strictly forbids unlawful dealings and business. 3. 7 Honesty in business dealings Honesty in business dealing is also move up in Islam. There should be clear dealing between seller and vendee. If seller sells his goods or things on fake basis then he will be criminal for that. Islam condemns all fraudulent business dealings.The prophet (SAWS) in several Ahadith also prohibi ted his followers from doing such practices. The seller and buyer must be honest in dealings there would be no other motive which make a transaction fraudulent and in which both become guilty. Allah almighty says in His book woe to those who give less in measure and weight (ALMutaffifin). Those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, demand full measure. And when they have to give by measure to other men give less than due. Do they not think that they will be resurrected, on a great day (s no, 83. p no, 30. 1-6. ) In surah Nisa verse no 29, Quran says o you believe, eat not up your property among yourselves dishonestly except it be trade amongst you, by mutual consent. The prophet (SAWS) said he who deceives is not of us other place the prophet said the honest merchant will be rewarded on the day of judgment with prophets, pious people and martyrs (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) Honesty in business not mean that the seller always swear by the name of Allah for his transaction if he d oes so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982). so we can find a lot to verses and Ahadith of the prophet.Some of the verses of the holy Quran may also emphasis on honesty such as. S. n0 02, 113 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 p. 01 verse no 42, s. no 03, p 03, verse no71, s. 103, p, 30, v03, s, 33, p21, v, 08,s,04,p,05,v,107. ,s, 08,p,09,v2, . ,s, 08,p,10,v58, s,22,p1,v38. 3. 8 Bounty and humanity in business contacts Islam emphasis that one should be soft and flexible in business transaction. The dealing between buyer and seller should be on humanity basis.Both the parties either they will creditors or debtors should free to demand his money back. Islam is strictly prohibited from hard spoken language and harsh language in business dealing. The Allah messenger said may mercy be on him who is soft and decent in his dealing with others several verses from the holy Quran shows that har d words and language must not be used while dealing or lecture with others Allah says in His book And be moderate in your walking and heavy your voices(s, 31 p, 21, v 19. ) the prophet said give him the best thing the best amongst you (Muslim 3002). 3. 9Satisfying (fulfilling) all business obligations Islam strictly emphasis on fulfilling all promise because in one Ahadith prophet has reported to said one who not fulfills his promise is a trait of hypocrite by fulfilling promise and contact is an important thing for traders because no one can be trustworthy if he is not fulfilling his deeds. In other place the prophet said Muslims are bound by their stipulations if we study the holy Quran we can find a several verses which tell us about fulfilling promises surah 5 Allah Almighty says O you who believe fulfill your obligations( p. ,v1) we can also study about fulfilling of promise from the holy book such as in surah 53, part 27, v 37, s 68, part 29 v,39, s,21 p 17 v09, s 39 part 24 v 74, and s 48, part 26 v 10. All the things between the parties either seller or buyer must be cleared and fulfilled and not lead to any dispute and discrepancy. 3. 10 Reasonable treatment of staff. /workers Prophet (SAWS) said the wages of the workers must be paid before the diaphoresis dries upon his body (Majah 2434).And other place said I will be opponent to those persons on the day of resurrection who does not give him his due to a person who have finished work for him Islam also teach us to give your brother as you self eat, drink as u self drink wear as u self wear and think as u self think for your self and family. This is the province of the employer that he should provide all the basic things that is give him fair wages, provide him good working condition, and treat him ethically.This way Islam encourages and builds up the guts of love. 114 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISS N 2222-6990 3. 11 Mutual respect/ esteem Give respect to others in business dealing is the sovereign principle of Islam. Businesses that base on selfishly earning and producing and not caring the society are considered illegal. Islam also emphasis on mutual respect in dealings.In holy Quran Allah says By no means shall you attain piety unless you spend of that which you love and whatever of goods you spend Allah knows it well (s 3, p 4 v92) in several places in the holy Quran it is mentioned that Allah loves kindness and deal with people with kindness. In surah 03 verse no 119 and surah no 05 verse no 54 discussed about love with people. So kindness and mutual respect in business dealing is the leading principal of Islam. 3. 12 Clear business transaction and purchasing and selling justly Business an should be bound for clear business transaction. The buying and selling activities should be on mutual consent and not under coercion. Islam strictly prohibits such dealings in which bot h the parties are not clear. Even Quran tell us every Muslim business man if he is on dealing with other person so he must write down that discernment and must be cleared to both the parties. As the holy prophet is reported to have said sale is not that which is done with out mutual consent sale is a sale which involve only mutual consent (majah, 2176).Allah says in his book O you who believe Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it may be trade among you by mutual consent (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ). And whoever commits that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is easy for Allah. (Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 30. ). 4. Prohibit and illegal affairs in business transaction There are also some dealings in business which Islam considered unethical and illegal contacts and transactions. The seller must not adopt such matters which do not come under the scope of Islamic business ethics.These matters now days are very c ommon in practice in business society. They may include. Earning from Haram (illegal activities) such as selling and buying of win, alcohol, drugs. i) ii) iii) iv) 115 Doing fraud in business dealings, Often swearing by seller for selling his products, or Showing things which are not in reality, window dressing of the products, etc. and those transactions in which parties make promise and not make it to fulfill. Hoarding to make high profit, speculative activities, and www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. , No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) Interest in which Quran strictly forbidden. holdfast of prices, Flesh of the Haram animals, Weapon which cause human destructions, Intoxicants, flesh of pig, Storing of foodstuff for succeeding(a) time and then sell out with the expectation to earn some profit, Fraudulent business practices for selling the products in market, Black market ing, dealings in bad condition goods and stolen goods, cheating in business dealings, giving short measures Transactions which involve uncertainty. . Recommendation Now what is important to do particularly by Muslim as well as by non-Muslim, we have exposed briefly the basic of business ethics in old pages. Allah says This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as religion (surah 5, part 6, verse no 3). This religion (Islam) the old name is Din, not new. It is almost 4000 years old name which was the Din (religion) of Harat Ibrahim (A.S) who was the spiritual leader and 3/4th of the world accept the power of spiritual seniority, not only Muslims but also Jews, Christians, pagans, Zoroastrian, were agreed on his spiritual supremacy. ( Tafhimul-quran 1994) and Allah says in His book He has chosen you and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship it is the religion of your amaze Ibrahim( Abraham). It is He (Allah ) who has named you Muslim both before and in this Quran (surah 22, part 17, verse 78).Now if it is cleared that Islam not a new religion it is old one and the religion of Ibrahim. So then no doubt that Muslim and non- Muslim both should follow the rules of this religion which is Islam in their lives either these are social activities, religious activities or business dealings or worship now they are bound to follow Islamic monotheism. In the Holy Quran Allah says he commands them for Islamic monotheism and all that Islam ordained, and forbids them form all disbelief, polytheism of all kinds that Islam has forbidden.He allows them lawful things i. e. Goods, foods deeds, and beliefs and prohibits them as unlawful things i. e. deeds, beliefs, dealings. (Surah, 7 parts 9 verse 157). Generally for every Muslim business man we suggest these following dominant points to remember and adopt. ? Both seller and buyer must accept the supremacy of Almighty Allah, they should accept HIS sovereig nty, love Him and follow whatever HE order and abstain from, in all dealings if its relate business dealing or any other moral conduct in social life www. rmars. com/journals 116 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 ? Business dealing should be pure, the trader must be cleared with other party, curiously the seller in dealings must out all the things clear, he should be honest and when promised then must fulfill. Dealings should be faired not fake. Softness must be kept in mind by traders or sellers while dealings, because gentleness is the basic thing for all dealings.Do not make the basis of dealings on bribery or corruption, interest, fraud, lie, etc The seller and buyer should also put aside their dealings from all dickhead sources such as, gambling, black marketing, speculation, stock reserve or hoarding of food, fixture of pricing and all illicit items from which Islam is prohibited. ? ? ? 5. Con clusion In today modern business world business ethics have their own dominant role in business society. We accept that the secular business morality is utilitarian and supposed to be relative and may give benefit to the society nd both to seller and buyer as well, but the Islamic perception on business ethics not only useful and relative but also base on humanity and work for long time. Muslims especially adopt those practices which benefit to mankind and review all the business activities which are unlawful and also harm for society and for his/her own organization. This way we can say the business world will be prosperous and will survive for long time. 117 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 7.References Dr. Ahmad Hussain Kamal, (2002). Nizam-e-MaIshyat Aur Islam, (Muslim economic system) Urdu version, 1st edition, Taib papers Lahore Pakistan. P. 6-10 Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman, ( 2003). Islamic Financial Instruments, 1st edition, Publisher Sardar khan welfare trust, Peshawar Cantt Pakistan. Dr. Mohammad Shafi (2000). Business and commerce in the Quran, First written for Dar al Islam Teachers Institute Alumni News Letter, spring. Dr. Muhammad Din, (2003). Islami Nizami Hayat, 1st edition, Urdu version, Publisher Taj Kutab Khana Peshawar Pakistan. 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