Polyhydroxybutyrate Phb

Polyhydroxybutyrate PHB Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class. overture Analysis Bacteria first utilise to make PHB in 1925 at Pastuer Institute in Paris. In 1970s adopted by purple Chemical Industries (ICI) Alcaligenes Eutrophus grown in fermentation vats with Molasses The bacteria is then famished of nutrients (glucose and nitrogen) PHB is produced as an energy store for the bacteria. In 1980s Maddison University (Virgina) successfully cloned the 3 genes of A. Eutrophus that control PHB production and transferred them to Escherichia coli an easier bacteria to domesticate with al meeking easier manipulation of the polymer depended on the need. In 1990s the 3 genes were cloned into sugar beets and turnips much larger case production of polymer. Work continuing (with Monsanto company bought patent) into cloning genes to corn. Production The manufacturing process of PHB begins with sun devolve.Through phot osynthesis ampere-second dioxide from the atmosphere is converted to carbohydrates via sugar beets or sugar cane. These carbohydrates (like Lactose, Fructose and Glucose) be the raw material for the manufacturing of PHB. Uses In medicine, PHB is compatible with the blood and tissues of mammals. The monomer of PHB is a convening metabolic in the forgiving blood. As the body reabsorbs PHB it might be utilize as a surgical implant, in surgery, as note threads for the healing of wounds and blood vessels. In pharmacology, PHB can be used as microcapsules in therapy or as materials for cell and tablet packaging. In packaging for deep drawing articles in the food industry, for example, bottles, laminated foils, fishnets, potted flower, hygiene, exuberant food, one- way of life cups, agricultural foils and fibres in textile. Advantages of PHB Good mechanical properties, especially when low density and price are taken into account. Recyclable, renewable and non-abrasive to manufacturi ng equipment. PHB is hydrophobic, therefore protects internal ? res from moisture sensitivity. Mechanical properties are comparable to other polymers used (e. g. PP). PHB has a fast degradation rate compared to other plastics. (months in sewage and years in sea water) yet ultra violet light can speed up this process. The main advantage in the checkup field is that PHB is a biodegradable plastic which can be inserted into the human body and does not have to be removed again. Can be manipulated genically therefore can be used for many things Disadvantages of PHB It has a list to be brittle. Costs four times as much as polyethylene (its major competitor) Cheaper to produce necessary materials from petrochemical industry. Large denture production in early stages. Uses sugarcane which can decrease biodiversity such(prenominal) as in Brazil. Evaluative Conclusion PHB has huge potetial as polymer for future,this is cod to its main advantages such as being biodegradable and it has an ease of manipulation. This is dear(p) although work must be done to make it cheaper. Also work must be done to reduce the very large scale production in the early stages of production.There needs to be a way to make this plastic from cellulose in plant cell walls rather than from sugarcane alone. As the petrochemical industry supplies become scarce the price of PHB will go down, which is good for future use. Links Used http//sundoc. bibliothek. uni-halle. de/diss-online/02/02H017/t2. pdf http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biopolymer http//www. gotessays. com/essays/543/index. php http//umpir. ump. edu. my/696/1/Aimi_Salma_Awalludin. pdf