Individuality Vs The Perfect World :: essays research papers

     Imagine the world as only beautiful people. Everywhere you look is a Cindy Crawford look-a-like 59", brown hair, brown eyes, and the faultless smile. A "Master Race." Do we really want to reenact Adolf Hitlers plan of seeking world domination killing million upon millions as a " last-place solution?" Instead of killing, wed be reproducing millions, going against nature. Say we went and got one of Princess Dianas cells and implanted that in an egg that was then placed into a surrogate mother. Nine months later, we would restrain a baby Princess Diana. Only trouble is, this baby would only resemble Princess Diana in looks, not personality, character, or individuality. Her whole life wouldnt be what it had been she wouldnt be "her." What if your newborn infant son died? Just think you could have a second chance. Is this morally or ethnically right? Cloning of humans should be forbidden, but copy of human body parts for medicinal purposes should be allowed.     Cloning hasnt been a big issue or ever thought to have actually been do to work until 1997 with the successful birth of a lamb named Dolly. Out of 277 eggs implanted in different sheep mothers, Dolly was the only lamb successfully born. The system used to clone Dolly was scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland took a cell out of the mammary gland. They then used an electrical pulse to twaddle an adult cell into merging with a host egg whose nucleus had been removed . This method being very unsuccessful brought on a new one where scientists used mice, injecting just the adult nucleus into a nucleus free host instead of using an electrical pulse. They also had let it rig for two hours before stimulating it to start dividing. The success rate was 2-3 in 100. Now knowing that we could clone sheep and mice, scientists were up to the possibility and challenge of cloning humans. As soon as it became public knowledge that cloni ng was really happening and becoming more successful, the USA imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Several states have established restrictions, some even banning cloning completely.          Cloning is not morally or ethnically right. Morally, scientists would be victorious the role of God. If a clone dies, where would they go? In religious beliefs, clones would have no souls because God didnt create them. Cloning would alter the definition of ourselves.

Melatonin And The Pineal Gland :: essays research papers fc

Melatonin And The Pineal GlandSet deep in our brains is a bantam gland called the pineal gland. This tinygland is in charge of the endocrine system, the glandular system that controlsmost of our bodily functions. The pineal runs our consistence clocks, and itproduces melatonin the hormone that whitethorn produce to be the biggest medicaldisco really since penicilin, and the key to controlling the aging process. Thepineal gland controls such functions as our sleeping cycle and the change ofbody temperature that we change with the changing seasons. It tells animalswhen to migrate north and south, and when to grow or shed heavy coats. Byslowing down and speeding up their metabolisms, it tells them when to fatten upfor hibernation, and when to enkindle up from hibernation in the spring.Melatonin is the hormone that controls non only when we feel sleepy, butthe rate at which we age, when we go through puberty, and how well our immunesystems tolerate despatch diseases. Being set i n the middle of our brains, the pinealgland has no direct access to sunniness. Our eyes send it a message of how oftsunlight they see, and when its dark. The sunlight prohibits the gland fromproducing melatonin, so at wickedness, when theres no sun, the sleep-inducinghormone is released into our bodies. Because of the pineal gland and melatonin,humans have know to sleep at night and slipstream during the day since long beforethe age of alarm clocks.Humans dont produce melatotin right from birth it is transfered in uteroto babies through the placenta. For their first few days of life, babies understoodhave to receive it from breast milk. Our levels of melatonin peak duringchildhood, then slump at the beginning of puberty, so that other hormones cantake control of our bodies. As we take off older, the amount of melatonin we producecontinues to decrease until at age 60, we produce about half as much as we didat age 20. With the rapid decrease from about age 50 on, the effects o f old agequickly become more visible and physically evident. With what scientists haverecently discovered, we may very soon be able to harness melatonin to slow downaging, fend off disease, and keep us feeling generally healthy and nimblenot to mention the things melatonin can do for us right now like curing insomniaand regulating sleeping patterns, eliminating the effects of jet-lag, andrelieving every day stress.Melatonin is known as the "regulator of regulators", because it sends outMelatonin And The Pineal Gland essays research papers fc Melatonin And The Pineal GlandSet deep in our brains is a tiny gland called the pineal gland. This tinygland is in charge of the endocrine system, the glandular system that controlsmost of our bodily functions. The pineal runs our body clocks, and itproduces melatonin the hormone that may prove to be the biggest medicaldiscovery since penicilin, and the key to controlling the aging process. Thepineal gland controls such functions a s our sleeping cycle and the change ofbody temperature that we undergo with the changing seasons. It tells animalswhen to migrate north and south, and when to grow or shed heavy coats. Byslowing down and speeding up their metabolisms, it tells them when to fatten upfor hibernation, and when to wake up from hibernation in the spring.Melatonin is the hormone that controls not only when we feel sleepy, butthe rate at which we age, when we go through puberty, and how well our immunesystems fend off diseases. Being set in the middle of our brains, the pinealgland has no direct access to sunlight. Our eyes send it a message of how muchsunlight they see, and when its dark. The sunlight prohibits the gland fromproducing melatonin, so at night, when theres no sun, the sleep-inducinghormone is released into our bodies. Because of the pineal gland and melatonin,humans have known to sleep at night and wake during the day since long beforethe age of alarm clocks.Humans dont produce melatotin rig ht from birth it is transfered in uteroto babies through the placenta. For their first few days of life, babies stillhave to receive it from breast milk. Our levels of melatonin peak duringchildhood, then decrease at the beginning of puberty, so that other hormones cantake control of our bodies. As we get older, the amount of melatonin we producecontinues to decrease until at age 60, we produce about half as much as we didat age 20. With the rapid decrease from about age 50 on, the effects of old agequickly become more visible and physically evident. With what scientists haverecently discovered, we may very soon be able to harness melatonin to slow downaging, fend off disease, and keep us feeling generally healthy and energeticnot to mention the things melatonin can do for us right now like curing insomniaand regulating sleeping patterns, eliminating the effects of jet-lag, andrelieving every day stress.Melatonin is known as the "regulator of regulators", because it sends ou t

James Langston Hughes Essay -- essays research papers

(February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967)Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an emancipationist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of magic Mercer Langston, who was the the graduation exercise fatal American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central full(prenominal) School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began composition poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to serve a living as at writing, and encouraged him to pursue a more practical career. His father paid his tuition to Columbia University on the cause he study engineering. After a short time, Langston dropped out of the program with a B+ average, all the while he continued writing poetry. His first published poem was also virtuoso of his most famous, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", and it appeared in Brownies Book. Later, his poems, short plays, essays, and short stories appear ed in the NAACP publication Crisis mag and in Opportunity Magazine and other publications.One of Hughes finest essays appeared in the country in 1926, entitled "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain". It spoke of Black drop a liners and poets, "who would surrender racial felicitate in the name of a spurious integration", where a talented Black writer would prefer to be considered a poet, not a Black poet, which to Hughes meant he subconsciously wanted to write like a white poet. Hughes argued, "no great poet has eve... James Langston Hughes Essay -- essays research papers (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967)Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry i n the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writing, and encouraged him to pursue a more practical career. His father paid his tuition to Columbia University on the grounds he study engineering. After a short time, Langston dropped out of the program with a B+ average, all the while he continued writing poetry. His first published poem was also one of his most famous, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", and it appeared in Brownies Book. Later, his poems, short plays, essays, and short stories appeared in the NAACP publication Crisis Magazine and in Opportunity Magazine and other publications.One of Hughes finest essays appeared in the Nation in 1926, entitled "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain". It spoke of Black writers and poets, "who would surrender racial pride in the name of a false integration", where a talented Black writer would prefer to be considered a poet, not a Black poet, wh ich to Hughes meant he subconsciously wanted to write like a white poet. Hughes argued, "no great poet has eve...

Appearances - A Universal Concern :: essays research papers fc

Appearances - A Universal ConcernA desire to appear attractive is universal it permeates all culturesand rafts, and stretches from the agone to the present. Throughout history,both men and women have gone to huge lengths to become more(prenominal) attractive. In allparts of the world, people take many varied measures to beautify themselves.Even move, the animal world also exhibits the desire to be attractive. Malebirds of paradise, with their superb hues, contrast sharply with the females.Male peacocks have stunning tail-feathers that be obviously used to attractfemales as well.Although it is true that a sub convocation of all peoples have expended vastsums of money and energy to put themselves through a great deal of usually self-imposed tribulation and suffering, it is easy to discern the differentperceptions of beauty held by various groups. These perceptions vary greatlyabetween groups, which are demarcated by class, cultural, geographical,chronological, and sacred bord ers, to name a few. What may be considered trulyattractive by one group may even be seen as repulsive in another. The gangsterwith tattoos all over his body, clothed in attire that is much too large, withring in all the most unexpected places, and sporting an dreaded hairdo,considers himself very attractive indeed. Yet, so do the tall, smartly dressedbusinesspersons with their suit, tie, and white handkerchief. Men and women ofthe nice era, when womens ankles were not even permitted to be exposed,would surely be take aback at the revealing outfits that have been donned bymembers of todays society. In other words, ones perception of beauty isgreatly influenced by the surrounding environment and the social groups to whichhe belongs. Yet, some(prenominal) ones perception of beauty, one thing is the same.This is that all have taken great pains some their appearance.Why are good appearances so important to people?People tend to make initial judgments by first impressions that areus ually establish on appearances to a great extent. These initial judgments aredoubtlessly very important in many types of social, business, and otherrelationships. Moreover, it is much easier for an attractive person to besocially active. He or she is usually perceived as more pleasant, which makes iteasier for him or her to approach others. Besides, some careers, such as models,actors or actresses, television anchors, and salespersons rely to a significantextent on their outward appearances. They must do their best to please theaudience, draw attention, or make a sale.The following three experiments through by the television news magazine20/20 illustrate the difference that appearances can have in ones everyday life,Appearances - A Universal Concern essays research papers fc Appearances - A Universal ConcernA desire to appear attractive is universal it permeates all culturesand peoples, and stretches from the past to the present. Throughout history,both men and women have gone t o great lengths to become more attractive. In allparts of the world, people take many different measures to beautify themselves.Even move, the animal world also exhibits the desire to be attractive. Malebirds of paradise, with their brilliant hues, contrast sharply with the females.Male peacocks have stunning tail-feathers that are obviously used to attractfemales as well.Although it is true that a subgroup of all peoples have expended greatsums of money and energy to put themselves through a great deal of usually self-imposed tribulation and suffering, it is easy to discern the differentperceptions of beauty held by various groups. These perceptions vary greatlyabetween groups, which are demarcated by class, cultural, geographical,chronological, and religious borders, to name a few. What may be considered veryattractive by one group may even be seen as repulsive in another. The gangsterwith tattoos all over his body, clothed in attire that is much too large, withrings in all the mo st unexpected places, and sporting an outrageous hairdo,considers himself very attractive indeed. Yet, so do the tall, smartly dressedbusinesspersons with their suit, tie, and white handkerchief. Men and women ofthe Victorian era, when womens ankles were not even permitted to be exposed,would surely be shocked at the revealing outfits that have been donned bymembers of todays society. In other words, ones perception of beauty isgreatly influenced by the surrounding environment and the social groups to whichhe belongs. Yet, whatever ones perception of beauty, one thing is the same.This is that all have taken great pains about their appearance.Why are good appearances so important to people?People tend to make initial judgments by first impressions that areusually based on appearances to a great extent. These initial judgments aredoubtlessly very important in many types of social, business, and otherrelationships. Moreover, it is much easier for an attractive person to besocially acti ve. He or she is usually perceived as more pleasant, which makes iteasier for him or her to approach others. Besides, some careers, such as models,actors or actresses, television anchors, and salespersons rely to a significantextent on their outward appearances. They must do their best to please theaudience, draw attention, or make a sale.The following three experiments done by the television news magazine20/20 illustrate the difference that appearances can have in ones everyday life,

Revolution in France, Latin America, and British North America :: Peasuasive Argumentative History Essays

Revolution in France, Latin America, and British North AmericaOne possible definition of a alteration is an act of organized violence to bring about radical changes in the economic, social and political relations within a given system. It uses host to destroy (sometimes physically) and replace those who hold power. Using this definition, can the events on France, Latin America and British North America in the period 1776-1820 be considered revolutions? be some more revolutionary than others? Many changes occurred during the 19th century with the industrial revolution. The revolution, if we can call it that, started in Britain with the introduction of new machinery that substituted man power. These new machineries, get-go in the textile industry and then in others, were used in factories to raise mass productions, of textiles in the case of the textile industry. This new ability to create mass production of textiles very quickly and with the quality of the most expensive tex tile in the market, created great changes, not only in Britain, but in like manner in other countries. The prices of textiles drop drastically, which made is possible for poor people to afford it. This was a very good change, since people had the chance to live behavior with a little more comfort. Another positive effect of the industrial revolution in Britain, is that the newly created factories created a lot of jobs. This jobs gave a new hazard for farmer they began to think of themselves differently, and many of them did move to the city, to take a job in a factory. Like any change in life, the industrial revolution also had negative effects. A shortage of food was one of these negative effects. The people that moved to the city lost the ability to feed themselves, and the few farmers who stayed scantily produced enough to feed their families, so there was place to get enough food to feed all those workers. Housing was another growing problem in Britain. The cities in B ritain developed fast, specially the working class neighborhood which were constructed for factory workers to live in because they could not afford anything else. However, this development could not keep up with the increase in population, so very quickly the working neighborhoods became overcrowded, and then extremely overcrowded. The living conditions of the working class in the cities decayed as fast, or even faster as the population increased.

Gender Inequality Within The U.S. Essay -- Gender Issues

The USA has a long history of bestowing freedom, choice and oppose objurgates upon its citizens, but even though the US government no longer discriminates against race or nationality, gender is still an issue. Womens rights have come a long way since August 26th 1920 - The date in which The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law, granting women the right to vote, but the fight is not over yet.republican politicians like Rick Santorum and Rick Perry along with right-wing fanatics like Rush Limbaugh and fundamentalist religious groups want to profoundly change the rights of women in America. The radical ideologies embraced by these people attest that the use of contraception and the in statement of sexual education atomic number 18 abolishing core American values. The more extreme believe that women are too stupid to make their own medical decisions. These right-wing radicals wage zealous wars on female sexuality and a womans right to her own body. Unsurprisingly abo rtion and contraception are hot topics among the anti-feminists movement. Radical Christians see abortion as an unforgivable sin, even in the case of rape, and contraception as something that should simply be outlawed. The majority of these factions are predominantly white, Christian males. Interestingly enough there are no groups that protest mens rights or claim that men have too much freedom over their bodies.The battle over womens rights to reproductive health care has recently taken a substantial legal step backwards. In 2011 alone, 19 states have enacted a total of 162 new laws relating to reproductive health. Unsurprisingly, 49 percent of these work to entrap access to abortion services, smashing the previous record of 34 legalized restrictions passed... ...male-dominated-student-government-and-why-it-matters/.Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2010. In the Election of November 2010. U.S count Bureau, Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Mar. 2012. .The 2012 Statistical Ab stract. U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2012. .USA QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. .Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States. Guttmacher Institute kin Page. Guttmacher Institute and the National Center for Health Statistics, June 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. .

JetBlue Airways: Starting from Scratch Essay

Before David Neelemans non-compete agreement with Southwest Airlines expired, he envisi bingled the concept of starting a low-fargon airline that would combine common sense, innovation, and technology and bring the humanity back into air travel (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). In 1998, JetBlue was born. In order for David to fulfill his intent of a do-it-right kind of airline, he essential to put down superior industry veterans who were willing to start from scratch and place an emphasis on employees and customers. Each of these individuals, from the President, familiar Counsel, CFO, and the HR director, treasured to create an airline that was summercater, had one, was adept, and c ard for their employees, plus had a passion to get it right (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When JetBlue hired Ann Rhoades away from Southwest Airlines, she brought with her, her experience on how to set up the rules and regulations that JetBlue would use to manage its personnel. During JetBlues beginning oper ations, they relied upon five consequence values that were emblematic of the main char beeristics of the gild (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).These values include safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion. Taking into consideration these five values, JetBlue used the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) acts to determine how, where, when, and which employees would join JetBlue as team members. In order for JetBlue to become successful, they needed to abide by the equal employment opportunity laws that formed a structured path that would enable the HR department to defend their decisions leg each(prenominal)y, if ch wholeenged. JetBlue started with high integrity standards and, to this day, continues to sustain these high standards (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When hiring or dealing with personnel issues, some of the EEO acts that JetBlue references on a daily stem include the following the Equal be Act of 1963, the 1972 amendment to that act, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, amended in 1978 and 1986,the Ameri piece of tails with Disabilities Act of 1990, the maternalism Discrimination Act of 1978, the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, the Uniform run Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994, the Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004, and the Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970, amended January 1, 2004 (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).JetBlues main priority is the safety of its passengers and employees. In order for JetBlue to impart safety for all of its employees, they referenced the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA, 2001) guidelines for general duty that specifically state that the employer needs to provide a safe and healthy environment for the employees to work, free from loud noises, hazards, falling and sh arp objects, and containing breathable air. These are a few areas of concern for JetBlue that relate to the well-being of their employees. In addition to the noted areas, their mechanics, reasonableness crew and pilots provoke received continuous training on wearing ear protection when on the tarmac at the airport. This training in like manner provides for the ground crew to place chocks under the wheels, florescent cones for the perimeters around the plane and study on other safety gear to prevent accidents. The ground crew needs to be able to read, write and be fluent in English in order to growth all safety information regarding their business sectors and other areas and peers who work for JetBlue.Mechanics besides view as strict safety guidelines that they need to adhere to when providing maintenance to the aircraft. The most important guideline is to ground the airplane, so no static electricity will build up and discharge, causing an explosion or damage to the electro nics on the plane. Pilots also pee a laptop that they do safety checks with on all the systems of the airplane before take onward (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). JetBlues HR department tailored each job and its net income and benefit structure to meet the needs of the individual who was hired for a specific job. When the HR department analyzed industry-standard for employs and benefits, they saw a one-size-fits-all strength toward industry employees, which did not meet their expectations or standards (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). JetBlues strategy was to inclinationen to their employees, and by judging the reply from their employees to the questions, they set up a customized wage and benefits package for each employee, tailored meet for him or her. By giving theemployees a choice, this allowed them to be part of the decision-making team and to fulfill a desire from the employee to be heard. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 played a significant role in JetBlues structuring of its wages and bene fits. This act is to equalize bear betwixt genders at the same location. There are a couple of exceptions. One exception is that different parts of the country have different wages and cost-of-living structures, which is taken into cipher when hiring, and the wages are adjusted accordingly.Also, within the structure of wages, JetBlue investigated all jobs within the industry and made sure that they remunerative above the lucre grade of each job specification (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When word spread throughout the industry that JetBlue was paying better than the other airlines, most positions had hundreds and sometimes thousands of applicants. When they offered part-time call amount reservation religious service and paid a dollar more per hour than most agencies, their only ad for reservation help provided them with a waiting list of over 2500 applicants. Many people wanted to work for JetBlue, but many would be denied because they were not a perfect fit in regards to the f ive heart values of JetBlue, and some new hires were even let go because they didnt live up to the values set forth by JetBlues caution team (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Amended in 1978 and 1986, are dickens acts that deal with age.The Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act deals with the retirement age of pilots who fly commercially for all American airlines (Federal Aviation Administration FAA, 2007). As express in the act, pilots who fly domestic flights can fly until their 65th birthday. If they are international flight pilots, only one pilot can be up to 65 while the other flight crew member must be below 60 years of age. This law was enacted because so many pilots were hit retirement age and new pilots were becoming scarce. Congress took it upon themselves to write the Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots act so that pilots who were close to the retirement age of 60 years old could continue to fly for some other five years. This was backed up by medical professionals who stated that there was only a minute risk in health issues by allowing these pilots to continue to fly five more years.JetBlue has instituted a program to train new pilots, making sure that their overstep is continuously running. In the next 10 years, there will be a deficit, about85,000 airline pilots. JetBlues mission for their pilots is extensive training and providing safe and caring service. This act helps JetBlue retain some of their senior pilots and allows them to be diversified over a greater period of time (FAA, 2007). The trump external recruitment tool that JetBlue used was selecting pilots who had a high degree of computer knowledge and also fit the conditions of the core values of JetBlue (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). A pilot who enjoys his job will tell his other pilot friends, who work for other airlines, about the benefits he received when hired at JetBlue. One of t hese benefits, was the paid training to lift up to fly the Airbus A320, a $30,000 investment on the part of JetBlue to attract dexterous and qualified pilots. some people will not recommend someone un little they are going to be beneficial to the company. An employee does not want someone to tarnish his reputation with the company for referring a person who will not measure up.In the first year, after the hiring of pilots, they had to release 20 from JetBlue due to lack of living the core values (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Most times it is a balancing act on who will actually be a good employee or not. On the one hand you have several pilots that conform to the mission of JetBlue and indeed you have a few bad apples that must be purged due to the fact they did not live up to each core value safety, integrity, caring, fun and passion. The benefit to JetBlue are pilots who are willing to do a good job and understands that the ultimate destruction is safety. Once a pilot loses his v ision of the core values is when JetBlue and the pilot parts company. This could cause a few issues with cumbering planes in the air if a majority of pilots were disgruntled with JetBlue (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When JetBlue started to hire their leakage Attendants, the developed three distinct categories for them. One was for college students that only outliveed for a year, to give them some experience, fun and travel (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Another was job-sharing, this scenario allowed two people to packet a job and would allow them to balance both job and home life equally.Lastly, JetBlue offered regular full-time employment but with a twist. For race Attendants who worked less than 70 hours per month they would be paid a dollar more than industry standard, for those who worked more than 70 hours per month would be paid $30 per hour. JetBlue targeted colleges to recruit able bodied college students who were over 21, wanted to travel, have fun, and represented the company s core values (Gittel &OReilly, 2001). As far as the Flight Attendants, these jobs were just temporary instance positions to only last between one and five years. The benefit of this position is what JetBlue would always be rotating new staff to keep the front line employees fresh but also the bad thing about this would be always constantly hiring for Flight Attendants (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). One of the best internal recruitment modes that JetBlue has available to itself is the employee data stall (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). This database allows managers to see the capabilities and also who is qualified for the desired position.The employee database tracks many aspects of an employees career within the company such as how many days they were sick, on-time executing, over time, knowledge of the firm and its policies and procedures. Too many promotions from within results and a lack of creativity, this is why you need a balance of 80/20 of people you would promote from within. The 80% of employees would give you exceptional talent, along with 20% who would give you new ideas and the creativity to look outside the box (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Another internal method of recruitment is a physical listing placed on a board in various areas of the company, for instance including a job advertisement on an employee break room bulletin board. One of the best external recruitment methods that JetBlue uses to hire new pilots is employee referrals. Many of the pilots who fly for JetBlue are satisfied and happy because the airline covers the extensive training to fly the A320. Most pilots who are referred to JetBlue have extensive skills in computers and are comfortable with the laptop and are the best in the field.An employee would not want to refer somebody if they were a poor candidate and have that come back on them (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). practical(prenominal) job boards (such as Indeed, Hot Jobs, Monster, Career Builder) are another strong external recruitment method used by companies, as is social media, where companies have taken to expression for employees through forms of social media like Facebook and Linkedin. When JetBlue started to hire people they took into consideration the five core values as a guide to overhear sure that each employee was the right fit for the company (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). These core values were used as a template to judge peoples responses for desirable and undesirable behaviors. Pilots were asked to tell of an example where they were to describe a situation where a customer request went against company policy and the way that theyhad resolved that issue. When mechanics were interviewed they were asked to think back when they work for another employer where integrity was a factor in their job. One example, was a mechanic who is prepping the plane for an international flight feel that the compliance and safety of the plane was not to standards. Management pressured him to sign off, but ultimately he ref used to comply with managements request to authorize the flight, which slow up the flight. Management fired the mechanic for noncompliance.On the other hand, JetBlue hired this individual for his unwavering integrity (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). JetBlues goal was a diverse, selected and knowledgeable employee base that would ensure all applicants were the perfect fit before anyone was hired. People from all walks of life wanted to work for JetBlue, this included college students, the average Joe, housewives, professionals, and your everyday person looking for job (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). JetBlues interviewing criteria was lengthy with multiple interviews. All interviewers had to approve/sign off the job offer to each candidate that passed scrutiny. The main goal in making the potential employees go through this process was to find the employees that were not just looking for a place to work but an employee that wanted to be a part of a company that would recognize them as a person an d not just a number. A happy and heart employee is an employee who will go above and beyond the call of duty and are more likely to stay and work for the company for years (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). action estimate systems are to help managers/management evaluate how well work was carried out and how it measured up with regards to the corporate goals (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). These appraisals give the necessary feedback to managers in a concise way that measures the adapt great power, judgment, appearance, and attitude of the employees, team members and/or groups being evaluated, this lends itself to identifying where the successes and gaps of the developed plan needs to be revised. This type of communication, if used properly, can set up how each manager interacts with a subordinate and how the employee receives beneficial enhancement actions to better improve him/herself on how to action the companys goals (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When setting up the performance appraisal syst em, there are external and internal factors that can affect the appraisal process. Among these are federal regulations that specifically target nondiscriminatory actions.In one such baptismal font, acompany was ruled against, by a federal judge, because there was sufficient evidence that indicated the use of age bias and age-based policies throughout their performance appraisal against a protected age group. Organizations must avoid any appraisal systems that targets a protected group (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Unions are often an external factor in performance appraisal systems. Most unions are set in tradition and stress seniority over any other basis for promotion or pay addition. Union can demand that a union member be promoted or given a pay increase just because he/she was there for so many months or years, not based on the idea that the person was doing his or her job and enhanced the companys goals. Fortunately, JetBlue gave its employees the opportunity to voice their opin ions and be heard, staving off a union formation (Mondy, 2012). Corporate culture is the greatest internal influence for a performance appraisal system.Many corporations find that if they want to attain employee engagement, they must give an employee a voice to effect change within their department or organization. JetBlue has this index as they are constantly talking with their ground crew, flight attendants, pilots, and service personnel to get feedback on how well each employee in the company is doing to achieve its goal (Mondy, 2012). Many other factors that influence the evaluations of employees are as follows 1. Leniency error this is where the evaluator has his own set of values and rules that he assigns to set the standards by which the employee will be judged (Mondy, 2012). 2. Halo/horn error this is where employees are judged myopically with enhanced performance studys and horn is just the opposite, where they are judged with a negative performance review and not on th eir whole work performance (Mondy, 2012). 3. Similarity error is when in an evaluator imprints his self onto the employees, making those employees seem like the evaluator (Mondy, 2012). 4. minor appraiser motivation this is when an evaluator knows that this will harm the chances for the employee to receive a promotion, so they may give a false appraisal (Mondy, 2012).5. Central angle of dip this is where the evaluator gives medium appraisals to all employees and fails to recognize any with exceptional skills (Mondy, 2012). 6. Appraiser discomfort- this happens when a manager has difficulty in executing the appraisal system. Often times, this makes it stressful for him and the employee, and sometimes results in negative feelings toward thecompany and manager from the employees perspective (Mondy, 2012). 7. Objectivity error this is where an evaluator rates an employee by in-person attributes, such as attitude, appearance, and personality and disregards other performance apprai sal factors (Mondy, 2012). 8. Recent behavior bias this is when an evaluator rates an employees behavior in the last couple weeks rather than throughout the year (Mondy, 2012). 9. Manipulation of the evaluation evaluators control the appraisal system which allows for manipulation of said system (Mondy, 2012).When you take into account the above list of factors on a standard method of evaluation methods, there is more than one way a supervisor, manager or management can deem the employee worthless, berate him/her, praise, and/or not promote or give a raise. JetBlue has eliminated this by setting up a 360-degree feedback evaluation method, where it is not just one persons responsibility to dictate who or when someone gets a raise, but rather, a group of the employees peers, supervisors, management, and sometimes, even customers give their feedback on how to give that person a helping hand, instead of beating them down with criticism (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). This system utilizes mul tiple methods of evaluation such as a rating scale, collaborative, 360 degree opinion, critical incident, essay, work standards, ranking, forced distribution, behaviorally anchor rating scale, and results-based. These are a few methods that are used to determine how the employee integrates with the team. After all surveys or questionnaires are tabulated, they are presented to the appropriate manager or management team.The management team will go over the survey and isolate habits that have formed and put into place systems to enhance constructive ways to bring change to an individual in a positive manner. The purpose of this is to highlight the behaviors needing field and praise areas that the employee excels in within the team atmosphere (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Performance reviews of yesteryear were usually done by the supervisors in charge of the employees. Today, up to 90% of Fortune 500 companies use some sort of 360-degree feedback evaluation. JetBlue also uses an appraisa l process called the 320-degree process which, reflects their fleet of A320 aircraft. JetBlue and other companies that use the 360-degree programs utilize the results for training, conventional applications, era planning, and professional development (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Eliminating or reducing errors inthe appraisal system was the goal for the 360 evaluation. This appraisal system provides a more unilateral assessment of a persons character, integrity, adaptability, and performance.Also, shifting the evaluation from a manager to a whole group of peers allows for less errors as stated above and also giving the company a better chance of fighting a claim of unfairness, discrimination or any other legal issue that should muster because of an unhappy employee (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The ultimate goal of the 360-degree evaluation method is to give the whole organization (i.e., employee, supervisor, management, customers, peers) a way to give a constructive pass judgment for im provement (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Another advantage to a 360-degree feedback evaluation system are to evaluate employees, managers, supervisors, and administration with surveys or rating cards which are pass out to peers, customers, team members, managers, the employee, and administration. When the evaluations are complete and totaled, the management team evaluates how to help the employee and/or management towards personal or professional growth (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).This places the employee as the key intention of this appraisal. Actually, when both parties go over the evaluations, the employee can see that this process is not about evaluation, is for career and professional development. Bringing forth, an employee who will contribute to improving his self-worth to the company. For management, this also proves an ideal way for managers to improve training techniques that will foster growth within the individual and organization (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Additionally, this ty pe of feedback method also highlights the areas where the companys training needs improving or enhancement to provide better solutions to the training for the companys goals (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). When David Neeleman started the process to create JetBlue, he brought on several people that he thought would benefit the company. After, many strategy meetings, they came up with their five main goals safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion.In order, for JetBlue, to concord their five main goals they needed a system that would allow every person in the company to have a voice (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The anterior management team was concerned about how they were going maintain the fun in the organization, while maintaining a safe and productive atmosphere, along with how to get all the necessary feedback to their questions. Also, they wanted to provide a convenient andcost-effective way to satisfy their customers as they grew while maintaining the small company feel. When you lo ok at the case study, Ann Rhodes, Executive vice president for people, was in charge of making a values-based culture to attract, develop and maintain a rapid growth achievement in personnel (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The 360-degree feedback evaluation would give the organization the needed tools to set up their training model that would express their goals and allow them to foster change speedily and decisively to achieve this scenario. Mr. Dave Barger, the COO, wanted to create a spirit within the company that was fun for both the crew and customers.His ultimate mission was to focus on the people and to keep the company union free. Ms. Rhodes agreed with Mr. Dave Barger. They set up teams that were fluid instead of having major work rules in place that hampered the communication between management and employees or vice versa (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The ability to pay is the most significant factor when it comes to financial compensation. JetBlue compensates its employees over an d above the competitive rate, which attracts highly skilled individuals (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). The performance of an employee is a factor in compensation. If an employee does well and is motivated, this will be noticed by his employer. Resulting in better compensation (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Most companies are looking for experience this too is another factor in compensation. Experience gives the necessary tools to senior employees to handle difficult situations with leadership and performance. Many executives do not need training and can meld into the job and hit the ground running (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Many companies hire young, ambitious employees with potential.Potential is another factor. They determine how much compensation is warranted by the perceived potential represented by the individual (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Today, most companies are looking for employees with seniority. Seniority is a key factor in financial compensation. The longer the employee is on the j ob, the more salary he or she receives a handsome salary and benefits package. This is due to the ability to multi-task within the organization (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Job requirements are a factor for compensation. A job that requires specific skills, that happen to be risky or risky and have tremendous responsibility, will heighten the wages of the job (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). As organizational strategy, JetBlue excelled at thisfactor for compensation. JetBlue wanted rapid growth and also set higher wages than their competitors (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Discretionary benefits are a deemed gift from the company to the employee.One of these benefits is paid vacations. Vacations from a job, help rest and perk up the crew members and employee so their production does not waiver (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). A growing number of companies have grouped sick time, vacation, and personal days in concert to form what is known as paid time off (PTO). This is a simpler way of keeping track a nd helping streamline the administration of days off and eliminates most of the excuses people give to get out of work. This benefit is highly praised by employees (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). On-site healthcare is becoming popular with many employers to help reduce healthcare costs (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). On-site healthcare provides assistance with minor illnesses, injuries, physical therapy, vaccinations, and follow-up care. When employers provide these types of clinics, they it helps to eliminate trips to the emergency room or the doctors office which can cost considerably higher (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).Many companies see a great benefit with these on-site healthcare clinics because after implementation, the return on investment is approximately 2.5 to 1 on cost savings (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Dental and vision care have belatedly become popular as a discretionary employee benefit. Most employers pay for this benefit with maybe a deductible paid by the employee. Employers bel ieve that if their employees have a nice smiling face and eyes they can see out of, they will be happier employees (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). JetBlues goal was to listen to the employees regarding what type of benefits they wanted and never to say no. JetBlue either met or exceeded the industry standard when it came to discretionary benefits (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).Most full-time employees received the following benefits medical, 401k, get sharing, double time pay for holidays, and personal time off. Many of the flight attendants received medical coverage plus an additional $500 in pay to help compensate for living in NY. Pilots, dispatchers and technicians were provided with stock options. Pilots got paid training benefits and laptops for checking documents for the certification to fly the A320 Airbus (Gittel & OReilly, 2001). Customer Service agents and groundcrew were paid a dollar more than any other crew at their airport and shift differentials. Many part-time employees receiv ed the following benefits medical, 401K, profit-sharing and double pay if they worked holidays. All benefits started from day one because Ms. Rhodes felt that a probationary period was demeaning to the employee (Gittel & OReilly, 2001).ReferencesMondy, R.W. (2012). Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ learner Hall. Gittell, J.H., & OReilly, C. (2001). JetBlue airways starting from scratch PDF. Retrieved from http//people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/mkoerner/00_courses/mba_650_spr_06/jetblue_airways_starting_from_scratch.pdfOccupation Safety and Health Administration. (2001). OSH Act of 1970. Retrieved from https//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=OSHACT&p_toc_level=0Federal Aviation Administration. (2007). FAA Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act. Retrieved fromhttps//www.faa.gov/ intelligence activity/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=10072

And the Fraud Continues

1. ) Discuss the Internal control weaknesses that existed at MCI that contributed to the commission of this fraud MCI biggest internal control weaknesses at was Pavlo. Pavlo was able to check MCI account receivable system which he helped to create and develop. When the same employee is able to receive and update defrayals, the chance of manipulation and embezzlement of funds is very high. By one person being able to record accounts receivable, or even reconcile the comp eithers bank account, he/she whitethorn be able to embezzle funds from the company. This is what happens to MCI with Pavlo, through the following a. By writing off a companies account receivables and converting them into notes receivable, Asset ar created on the balance sheet. When customers are unable or whitethorn not turn out their debts, companies may be able to economise-off bad debts on their in catch tax returns. Companies accounts receivable can present a problem when simply a few employees are avail able to manage company finances. By allowing the same employee to receive payments, update accounts receivable records, and reconcile the companys bank account, he/she may be able to embezzle currency from the company. b. Unapplied cash was used for the bad debt and slow payments.By allocations of delinquent or bad receivables, made the expenses named to the write off of the receivables testament not be entered on the income statement. c. Credit Holds was used. MCI called customers in regards to their past due account receivables. MCI were told by the customer that they were sending a payment immediately, MCI credited their receivables before receiving the cash. By Pavlos manipulating the account receivable it helped him delayed the inevitable. The recognition of bad debt and uncollected receivables that have to be expensed on the income statement. . Identify and loose the approach you would attain if you guess duplicitous activity within an organization where you work Should I suspect fraudulent activity within an organization. I would enquire the suspected activity and reporting the suspected activity to the condition personnel. The Internal Auditors Office should coordinate investigations of fraud, waste, or abuse. Employees shall not destroy any document or record of any kind that may be relevant to a past, present, or future investigation of fraud, waste, or abuse.The application of master skepticism is essential any audited account investigation. Professional skepticism in auditing implies an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit evidence without being obsessively suspicious or skeptical. Dont make matters worse by getting into legal liability by the representation you handle the matter. Do not speak to anyone about the person thats suspected of bear downting the fraud before reporting it to concern. By speaking to someone other than solicitude you could be sued for slander.Consult an attorney who spec ializes in employment-related matters. When an employee has knowledge of fraud, waste, or abuse has good reason to suspect that such conduct has occurred should adhere to the procedures in the organizations Policy. When suspected fraudulent activity, waste, or abuse is observed by, or made known to an employee. The employee should immediately report the activity to his/her direct supervisor. If an employee believes that their supervisor are involved in the activity, he/she should immediately report the activity to the supervisors manager as well as the CFO and CEO.If an employee believes that the supervisors, management and/or the CEO may be involved with the activity, the employee should either contact the Internal Auditor directly or file a report via the Fraud, Waste, and abomination Referral System also known as the Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Hotline, (McMullen, A. (2012). When an employee is suspected of any activity, he or she should not make any attempt to investigate the susp ected activity prior to reporting it. The Internal Auditors Office will coordinate investigations of fraud, waste, or abuse.The employee should not destroy any document or record that he or she knows may be relevant to a past, present, or future investigation of fraud, waste or abuse. Employees that suspect violation or who have questions, complaints or suggestions, should share their concerns with someone who can address them properly. Thus, its a myth that fraud is a big scheme that should be uncovered preferably and easy to detect. Most all fraud starts lower-ranking and then gets bigger and bigger, until something becomes noticeably different or unusual.Once fraudulent activity has been noted, someone should take action to investigate the situation and determine if a fraud has been committed. Being aware of these activity are further step one and is usually not enough for the organization. Once these activity are identified, you mustinessiness take action to determine its e ffect. Evaluating the fraudulent activity may be accomplished by pecuniary analysis, observation or by any other technique that tests an apparent weakness. Once the analysis is complete its time to move on to correct the situation (Wells, 2012). . Critique the honourable nature of Pavlos actions in this case Walt Pavlo, the Credit Collections Manager at MCI Telecommunications, Inc. Falsified MCI accounts receivables and stole $6 million from MCI, spoke of greed, opportunity, and culture. His deposition and facts, however, provides a far different view. This was a willful, active fraud involving a very small group of customers, executed by a very small group of people. As a Fraudsters and white-collar, he acted deliberately, out of greed, personnel and perhaps even stupidity and ultimately got caught.These perpetrators exhibited many typical fraud behaviors. White-collar sinful that involves embezzlement and breach of trust being the prevalent modes involved. Pavlo had to collec t on debts owed to MCI by large corporate clients. Pavlos job was not easy. MCI extended large heart and soul of credit to high-risk customers and refused to write-off receivables as bad debt. By doing this, MCI was in violation of explanation principles. Pavol was desperate to keep his job, he began to employ suspect accounting techniques to hide the unpaid debt.By falsification of accounting record in contravention of Pavlo, also found a way to siphon off $6 million for personal aggrandizement (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg, 121). Pavlo claim of trying unsuccessfully to get MCI to take a $180 million charge blatantly conflicts with the facts. In a 2002 article, Pavlo had claimed the number was $88 million. Either inflation has increased his number or he didnt review his earlier stories Pavlos actions was illegal which would be characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust.Which are not dependent upon the application or threat of force or violence. Pavlo action was a self- centered and motivated by his own greed, without regard for ethics or fiduciary duty to co-workers, and stakeholder (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg 121). When it comes to Walter Pavlo Jr. and the choices he made. The phrase power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely is false. Having power alone does not have the ability to corrupt, but it does provides one of the three elements necessary for a person to commit a fraudulent act. Trusted persons sometimes become trust violators.When they conceive themselves as having a financial problem which is non-sharable, are aware these problem can be in secret resolved by violation of the position of financial trust and are able to apply to their own conduct which enable them to adjust their conceptions of themselves as believe (Coenen 2009). Regardless of what moral code may be in place. Corruption occurs when a person breaks the moral code or principle that pertains to him or her. Which is what Pavlo did. jibe to the fraud trian gle, in every instance of fraud three elements are present motivation, opportunity, and rationalization (Coenen 2009).This theory was developed to help identify possible fraud, a name given to corruption within a business, it also applies to corruption in general. In arrangement for corruption to happen, an individual or group of individuals, must have motivation, opportunity, and significant rationale to justify committing a fraudulent act. Because three elements must harmoniously combine to create an environment in which one may act corruptly, only one of the three elements needs thwarting to break the triangle and prevent corruption (Wells, 2012). All element of the fraud triangle must be present to break a moral code.The first element necessary where corruption may occur is motivation. Motivation can include a financial need, such as the need to take care of an ill parent who is quickly accumulating medical expenses far beyond what his or her family can pay. scarce motivation to commit a corrupt act can include perceived need also. When a person may be earning enough money to cover all of his or her needs, but he or she may feel driven to commit a corrupt act by a strong desire for a higher standard of living than he or she can not afford. A person may also come motivated by non-financial pressure to commit a corrupt act.A person can also be motivated by non-financial pressure to commit a corrupt act (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg 121). The second element which must be in place to commit a corrupt act is rationalization. domain have the complex ability to think deductively, inductively, and process large amounts of information to make rational decisions. Unfortunately, ones ability to employ reason (rationalize) may or may not lead him or her down the right path. Pavlos story provides an excellent example of poor reasoning. Pavlo rationalized stealing from MCI by tell himself that MCI was committing much more heinous crimes than he was.He believed that MCI wa s so crooked that it could not come after him for doing the much lesser crime of stealing a few accounts receivables (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg 257). Pavlos opportunity to pilfer accounts receivables was granted to him by MCIs poor control environment. Pavlo often engaged the accounts receivable department in a practice known as accounts receivable lapping, posting payments received from one customer to anothers account to make overdue accounts get on current, in order to meet corporate bad debt expense goals (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg 101).MCIs management encouraged and rewarded Pavlo for accounts receivable lapping and many other imaginative and extremely illegal acts that helped MCI reach its projected financial numbers. MCIs flagrant desire to illegally hide its bad debt gave Pavlo the opportunity to conceal the accounts receivable he was thieving within the constant myriad of lies that constituted MCIs financial department (Wells, 2012). He was involved in asset Misappropriation Ass et peculation schemes are frauds in which the perpetrator steals or misuses an organizations resources.Common examples of asset misappropriation include false invoicing, payroll fraud, and skimming (Kranacher, Riley, and Wells, 2010). Corruption In the context of occupational fraud, corruption refers to schemes in which fraudsters use their influence in business transactions in a way that violates their duty to their employers in order to obtain a benefit for themselves or someone else. For example, employees might receive or offer bribes, extort funds from third parties, or engage in conflicts of interest.Financial Statement Fraud The third category of occupational fraud, financial statement fraud, involves the intentional misstatement or omission of material information from the organizations financial reports these are the cases of cooking the books that often make front page headlines. Financial statement fraud cases often involve the reporting of fictitious revenues or the con cealment of expenses or liabilities in order to make an organization appear more profitable than it really is (Kranacher, Riley and Wells, 2010).It is fact that during 1996, MCI wrote off $120 million of newsboy receivables and recognized even more exposure by adding to bad debt reserves. So, his claim that MCI hid bad debt expense is just bogus. He further claims his bosses said the maximum that could be written down would be $15 million, and that is also senseless (Pavlo Jr. and Weinberg 257). 4. Apply one (1) theory related to crime causation to this case No one theory of crime explains all criminal activity and most theories are complementary to one another.You should approach crime causation with a 4-dimensional view because of the vast complexities involved in human actions and interactions. With that in mind, lets take a look at one of the prominent theories that appears to relate to Pavlos fraud case. Social engineering/Social learning theory causation They learn to engage in crime, primarily through their association with others. They are reinforced for crime, they learn beliefs that are favorable to crime, and they are exposed to criminal models.As a consequence, they come to view crime as something that is desirable or at least justifiable in certain situations. The primary version of social learning theory in criminology is that of Ronald Akers and thepic description that follows draws heavily on his work. Akerss theory, in turn, represents an elaboration of Edwin Sutherlands differential association theory. The Sociological school of crime causation defines that social disorganization is a major factor in criminal behaviors.specifically the Sociological Theories theorize that the impact of individuals with the surroundings, groups, and social environment can dictate criminal behavior. Under this school of crime causation crime can be the growth of subgroup relationships (McMullen, 2012). According to Weinbergs research, white-collar criminals ar e not just ordinary people they are smart, well-educated and ambitious. They often start as wide-eye perfumed graduates at large corporations of which profit-driven culture infiltrates all levels within. Why do they turn out to be the thieves stealing from the economy $2. trillion per class? Weinberg argues that these people like Pavlo, do not just wake up one day and decide to commit in a greed-inspired fraud. In fact, only 7% of perpetrators have prior conviction. They operate business under the performance pressure from investors, and stockholders, which present opportunities for companies to hide flaws and falsify earnings at multiple levels. Weinberg presents a triangle of Need/Incentives, Opportunity, and Rationalization as a combined force triggering ordinary people to commit extraordinary crimes.In his book, he suggests that by force ethics education at school and setting the right tone at the top, we can reduce the damages caused by corporate frauds (Kranacher, Riley, an d Wells, 2010). The connection amidst fraud and the tone at the top of an organization has received international attention over the last few years. Tone at the top refers to the ethical atmosphere that is created in the workplace by the organizations leadership. Whatever tone management sets will have a trickle-down effect on employees of the company.If the tone set by managers upholds ethics and integrity, employees will be more inclined to uphold those same values. However, if upper management appears unconcerned with ethics and focuses solely on the bottom line, employees will be more prone to commit fraud because they feel that ethical conduct is not a focus or priority within the organization. Employees pay close attention to the behavior and actions of their bosses, and they follow their lead. In short, employees will do what they witness their bosses doing (McMullen, 2012).

Mythic proportions Essay

Linton Heathcliff is a contradiction in foothold. His name signifies the unnatural trades union amidst Heathcliff and the Lintons or between passion and convention and his sickly nature demonstrates the impossibility of such a union. In Linton both lamb and convention emerge as corrupted by each early(a). He is described as a pet, a puling chic hatful and a whelp. Like both his p arnts, however, Lintons view of the human being is singular, and it is his inability to see it in any way but his own terms which renders him absolutely available for manipulation by Heathcliff. HaretonOf his generation, Haretons character is mayhap the close to intriguing, reversing the comparative lack of interest we feel for his father, Hindley. Hareton is brutalised by Heathcliff, structurally repeating Heathcliffs own suffering at the hands of Hindley. Haretons descent with Cathy has similarly been read as mirroring Heathcliffs with Catherine, in as much as he is desirous of impressing her, and he is proud in her presence. His love of Cathy, however, capability be said more closely to resemble Edgars love of Catherine in as much as it is moderate however tender, devoted yet restrained.Hareton also exhibits an unwavering love for Heathcliff, in spite of the ill-treatment he has received at his hands. Like Catherine, Hareton is constant in his initial affections, and when Heathcliff first arrives into his action they form an alliance against Hindley. Although Haretons name is inscribed above the door of Wuthering Heights, his inability to read, coupled with the repetitious doubling of names and signatures, means that he fails to acquire his rightful property.Hareton is dispossessed by Heathcliff, but can also be seen as a rewriting of Heathcliff, a surrogate or symbolic Heathcliff. The tuition of Haretons characterisation revolves around his education. He is initially nursed by Nelly, the romances surrogate mother, and under her tuition he begins to learn his letters. However, re master(prenominal)ing to the ministrations of his dissolute and unpredictable father Hindley, Hareton grows wild and uncultivated, unable to read, and with no social skills.His attempts at self-improvement are the source of sarcasm and derision by Linton and Cathy, and it is non until the end of the allegory that he is able to acquire the skills necessary for him to achieve social status with Cathy and come into his rightful inheritance. The domestic romance which typifies the final union between Cathy and Hareton may well resolve some of the conflicts that thwart the other relationships in the novel, but their union lacks the grand passion, the wild power of the original love between Catherine and Heathcliff.Cathy Structurally the second Cathy can be seen as revising her mothers report card. She achieves her identity at the price of her mothers, and Edgar always differentiates her in relation to the first Catherine, whose name he never diminished. Unlike Linton, wh o has the misfortune of inheriting the worst of both his parents, Cathy appears to have inherited the best from both of hers. Nelly sees Lockwood as a possible escape route for Cathy should he be induced to fall in love with her.We are privy to reports of Cathys pride, and her insensitive mockery of Haretons lack of formal knowledge. The revolution of the novel in which she and Hareton form their attachment is something of a mythical resolution, a romantic conclusion which transcends the central conflicts of the novel to restore a traditional novelistic plot of courtship and marriage. Cathy and Haretons relationship restores to the novel and version of domestic bliss that was the Victorian ideal, but it is well to bear in mind that Brontes is a version in which Cathy clearly has the upper hand.Nelly Nelly dean is the second and dominant narratorial voice in this novel. She takes up the story from Lockwood and gives it both substance and credence. Lockwoods inability to read the si gns of the polish in which he finds himself cannot sustain the story, though it acts to remind us that all narratorial voices, including Nellys, are partial. Nelly Dean is a local, and has known each generation of the Earnshaw and Linton families. She is therefore well-placed to offer Lockwood a commentary upon the events she describes.Her position of servant is differentiated from that of that of other servants, both in terms of the fact that she appears to move effortlessly between the two theatres, mediating between their differences, and in terms of her voice. Nelly Dean does not share a regional dialect with the other servants but she understands it perfectly. She also emerges as an educated woman, having read most of the books in the library at Thrushcross Grange the house of culture and in having experienced the vicissitudes of Wuthering Heights the house of nature.In keeping with her dual roles, Nelly has two names, Ellen, her given name which is used by those wishing t o accord her respect, and Nelly, the name her peers and familiars employ. Nelly is one of the most interesting characters in this novel, not least because of the language she uses. She occupies a unique cultural position in this novel. She has access to a range of discourses that might be considered beyond her ken in terms of her position as a family servant yet as the central narrator Bronte presents her as a speaking subject, partially excluded from culture but nonetheless positioned so as to be able to comment upon it.Nelly acts as a surrogate mother to many of the motherless characters in this novel she brings up Hareton for the first five years of his life she cares for Cathy from birth through to her marriage to Linton she regrets the brevity of her charge of Linton, which is forced by circumstance and she acts as confidant and advisor to Catherine and Heathcliff. She also acts as a mother-figure to Lockwood as she nurses him back to health. As surrogate mother Nelly provides food and moral sustenance to her nurslings.Nelly Dean is most carefully, consistently and convincingly created for us as the normal woman, whose truly feminine nature satisfies itself in nurturing all the children of the book in turn. This reading of Nelly as the mother-figure alerts us to another of her roles, for Nelly is a mother goose, the teller of this fairytale, the keeper of its wisdom. The name might also be a corruption of Mother Gossip. Both of these definitions are apposite to the figure of Nelly, since the knowledge she conveys is at least twofold it is about womens experience, and it is about the nature of love.Nelly knows that her story has to entertain and ensnare us. Yet her voice is grow in the realist narrative. With her love of a well-brushed hearth and gleaming copper pans, Nelly weaves for us a fairy tale of mythic proportions. Given our narrators sympathies we are inevitably drawn to the novels celebration of passion, and find the strictures of its dominant discourses of marriage and religion as stifling and incomprehensible as do its main protagonists.

Juno film Essay

JunoThe drive I have chosen for this paper is the drama-comedy Juno directed by Jason Reirman. It is a internal comedy with anarchic elements. In the film, you lease to follow Juno MacGuff, a 16-years-old young lady, as her life changes when she finds out that she is pregnant. Its a realistic film told from Junos summit of view. The film touches several contr all oversial, populist themes, scarce manages to do so without being clich. The most obvious being the puerile pregnancy, but other topics such as the curiosity of sex among teenagers, the constant challenge of whether abortion is okay or not comes along with it. A big part of the film takes place in Junos home, which is typical for a domestic comedy. The main plot of the movie touches themes common to family life. there is the modern family core with stepmothers and half-siblings, the complicity in being a teenager as well as nurture one. The more or less ordinary family life is displayed with a lot of humor. The quest ioning of stereotypes and prejudices play a big role in this film, as do contrasts. Instead of the cheerleader spring upting pregnant with the quarterback, as many would expect, it is the tomboy and the geeky runner who end up in that situation. As most teens portrayed in films, Juno has a close girlfriend. The odd thing in this case is that it is not a girl considered stranger than Juno herself in terms of norms, it is the cheerleader. In many other of these teen films, usually the cheerleader bugs the odd girl, as for example in Mean Girls. The most prominent contrast in the film is the home of the MacGuffs VS. the home of the surrogate p arents Mark and genus Vanessa Loring. The both homes are set like two antithetic worlds. In the MacGuff house, it strikems like it is impossible to have too many lamps, ornamental dogs or photo frames.The color scale goes in earthy brown tones. Mean slice, the Loring house does not seem to ever be perfect enough. As Vanessa and Mark are int roduced to the story, Vanessa is putting the photo frames in order and arranging the flowers until they are perfect. The dominant colors in the Loring house are somewhat bright colors as beige and white. The houses become symbols for how different the two families are. The easygoing, messy MacGuffs, and the uptight, stiff Lorings. For the opening scene of the film, there is a long beam of light of Juno standing in front of an armchair. The armchair is going to be a symbol throughout the movie. The television camera cuts to a close up of Junos face and her empty look staring at the chair, delivering amessage of frustration and hopelessness.She has a monolog where she tells the sweetheart about the chair, that it was in a chair everything started, where she got pregnant. A film inside the film of Junos memories from that moment is shown for the viewer. A dog barks and the camera makes a quick cut back to reality, Juno and the chair. She leaves the chair behind and the camera follo ws her as she goes to the local corner patronise to get a pregnancy test, the third for the day. She is dressed in a red hood and blue jeans, the red symbolizes her strong, colorful personality. Red is also a symbol for life and vitality, a color symbolism very suitable for the scene. She takes the pregnancy test in the stores narrow restroom, which has a leaden low-key lightning. The setting reinforces the feeling of Juno being painted into a corner. As she takes the test, the camera cuts between close-ups of Junos legs as she sits down, the pregnancy test and her face. These close-ups make the kindred between Juno and the viewer intimate and one gets to feel sympathy for her. It is important to anchor the sympathy for Juno in the beginning of the film since the viewer will get to follow her during her journey. Juno leaves the store and qualifyings home, the camera follows her from behind. Darkness has fallen and Juno has put the hood over her head as a way to alienate herself from the surrounding world. As she walks, a group of guys from her school comes running towards her.They are out of focus and run by her on both sides, creating like a tunnel for Juno to walk through. To me the runners are a metaphor for the thoughts running through Junos head and the difficult repressed situation in which she has ended up. Juno is portrayed as a stubinnate(p), cocky girl who takes her own way in life. She has dark hair that she wears in a ponytail and her clothes are far from what typically are considered girl clothes. She wears loose fitted jeans, t-shirts, pullovers and hoods. Her best friend, Leah, on the other hand is a cheerleader with long blond hair who dresses in skirts and is much of a girly-girl. As the Leah is introduced to the audience, the incompatible personalities between the two friends are shown trough the mise-en-scene. When Juno calls Leah to tell her about the pregnancy, the camera cuts between the two girls and their bedrooms. Junos room has a shoebox feeling to it. There are photos of her friends, posters and different paintings all over the walls as well as the ceiling. She has plectrums laying all over her desk and a miniature electric guitar thatgives away her interest for music. The dominating colors are earthy tones of brown, red and orange.Leahs room on the other hand is dominated by light colors such as pink, white, yellow-bellied and dim blue. She has stuffed animals on a shelf and big windows with thin, light curtains. Juno decides that the way to tell the babys father, Bleeker, about the pregnancy is to set up a living room setting in his yard where she ass break the news. When darkness falls, Leah is helping to move everything that is needed. They help each other to lift a heavy armchair into the trunk of Junos car. In this scene, the armchair is a symbol for the pregnancy, something that only the girls know of so far. It is still a complex, heavy secret kept in the dark, full like the chair. Reirman uses color values in a broad way through the film, especially when it comes to the characters clothes. In the loading of the armchair scene, Juno wears a red hood while Leah wears a blue. This highlights the different personalities of the two young girls even more. As the pregnancy progresses the color of Junos clothes changes from the bright red hood to earthier, duller colors in immature and brown shades.This color change reinforces Junos situation and the effect the pregnancy has on her life. Another example of color value being used is when Vanessa gets to see her son for the first time. She is then wearing a yellow sweater, symbolizing the joy she feels after finally becoming a mother. A task she feels she has been born to. During a visit to the prospective adoptive parents Juno finds out that Mark is going to divorce Vanessa, sad and frustrated she heads back home. The camera is shooting from the backseat as Juno is campaign she is placed to the left of the frame and the long, em pty road ahead of her to the right. This creates a movement from left to right, giving the viewer a feeling of optimism and that everything will gain out for the best. The camera cuts to a panning tang as Juno parks the car by the side of the road. A cut to a low angle is made, viewing a close up of Juno as she cries. The gray seat, ceiling and the steering wheel creates a tight frame around Juno.There is a claustrophobic feeling through the setting, which emphasizes the fragile state Juno finds herself in. Juno decides that if Vanessa is still willing to be a mom, Juno is willing to give her the baby. The majority of the film is shot in high key lightning, typical for comedy movies. This goes for the scene at the hospital when the baby is born as well. However, in the next scene this will change. The camera shows aclose up of Mr. MacGuff as he pats the head of his daughter who just gave birth. The lightning has gotten softer, giving the yellow color of the walls a warm soothing glow. There is calm and a balance over the scene, giving the feeling that everything is going to be okay from now on. The camera then cuts to a shot from Junos point of view showing Bleeker standing in the door opening. The walls behind Bleeker are blue and contrasting to the goldish colors in Junos hospital room.The colors and the separating walls become a metaphor for the cold reality Bleeker is just coming from, and the warm future that he is about to step into with Juno. A reality more suitable for two 16-year-old kids, where they do not have to be parents. Juno is a realistic film anchored in reality, there are several references to modern culture to underline this. Films and hobbits are mentioned, but the main thing is the music. Music is a big part of Junos life and her personality. It also becomes a key element when Juno and Mark are bounding. They blaze up CDs to each other and discuss music by Sonic Youth, Iggy Pop and Patti Smith among others. To convey that the film is told from Junos point of view, Reirman uses her fathom over as rapid cuts are made of what she is talking about. This technique is used when Juno introduces her family. As she talks about her mother, who is living in Arizona, the camera cuts to long shot of a desert house in the middle of a beige field. The tone of Junos voice says that the mothers absence does not bewilder her that much, as to the dullness of the colors in the shot.The camera then cuts to extreme close-ups of the smiles of her mothers new family, the husband and their three replacement kids. To show the viewer that the mother has been out of the picture for a long time the camera cuts to a close up of numerous cactuses in a window. Junos voice over is explaining that her mother sends her one cactus every valentines day. In Juno, the mise-en-scene is frequently used to strengthen the message of the film. By using color values, lightning keys and symbolism Reirman captures the contrasts of the story. I do not know if I would call Juno my favorite film, but it is definitely one of my favorite feel-good films. No matter what mood I am in, I always feel much happier and more positive after watching this film. I love the sarcasm in the film and I can see much of myself when I was 16 in Juno. I like how the film takes up such a controversial and taboo topic with as much humor as it does. To me it makes the film appealing instead offeeling as a moral message to teenagers.

How do government bodies cater for sport development at grass roots level? Essay

How do sports bodies get people involved?The RFU was established in 1871 and now has approximately 200 member clubs their mission statement can be found in (appendix 1). The RFU is affiliated to the IRB, the inter internal rugby board. The IRB is the international governing body and law making body for rugby union they argon trustworthy for the game at an international level see (appendix 2). There is also a European rugby union board called the FIRA-EAR who fund and organise uniteed competitions across Europe including the under-19 world championships. There atomic number 18 also various associations such as the BARA, the British Asian rugby association. They aim to increase conjunction by encouraging people from the south Asian countries living in the U.K. to take part in rugby at all levels more info on BARA can be found in (appendix 3).There are roughly 2500 rugby union clubs in England but only 853 offer a youth programme. The RFU have 2 main aims for encouraging participa tion at grassroots level. The main one is tatter rugby which is a kind of mix of rugby league and rugby union which allow for develop into rugby union. The rules of tag rugby can be found in (appendix 4). The other RFU scheme to raise participation at grassroots level is, beach rugby. In the Bournemouth knowledge domain thither is an annual beach rugby tournament which is usually held by Boscombe pier, it is usually organised and run by Bournemouths sports development aggroup, the RFU, leisure rugby and Oakmedians rugby football club. This is roughly the same game as tag ruby but it is vie on the beach and can be played by people of all ages. Beach rugby rules and competitions can be found in (appendix 5).The RFU is committed to supporting the development of grassroots rugby. Over 5% of their annual income is given to help support grass-roots schemes. The breakdown of the estimated central regimen and lottery funding can be found in (appendix 6). The CCPR, which is the nationa l alliance of governing and representative bodies of sport and recreation, will give the RFU 9.4 million for a three year project, how this will help grassroots participation and active the CCPR can be found in (appendix7).Tag rugby, which is the main way of increase participation at grassroots level, has two main presenters these are Ford and Sportsmatch, see (appendix 8). O2 the mobile phone network are a large sponsor of rugby in England, they are currently giving the RFU 3 million a year in their latest sponsorship deal see (appendix9). There are many local clubs including Oakmedians and Bournemouth, a list of local clubs can be found in (appendix 10). Bournemouth are the largest and most successful club in the area and information around them and there sponsors can be found in (appendix 11).The path from erupting playing rugby to playing for your country is sometimes a confusing one, but the basic outline is consists of Tag rugby will be ware a young player starts they can either start by joining a rugby club, playing at a local leisure centre or by playing at school. This will then progress into a contact game with different numbers of players until it is built into a 15 a-side game, all of these games can still be played at rugby clubs and at schools. Then a player can play for their county for example Dorset or Wiltshire.The next step is to play for a vicinity for example the south west. The next step is to hopefully be invited to attend an England youth trial, the most successful players will be solid-tracked to the team England Academy from there the players will possibly enter into the England teams and possibly the final England squad. There are many other pathways to the England squad these and a more in depth carry at the pathways to elitism can be found in (appendix 12).Womens rugby started in 1983 and is growing fast, there are now over 8000 players in England and the RFUW is the national governing body for this sport in England. Out of the 2439 rugby union clubs in England just 956 have a womens section. More information about all aspects of womens rugby is in (appendix 13).In wheelchair rugby the game takes place on a regular basketball court using volleyball, for about the rules and how it is played can be found in (appendix 14). GBWR, great British wheelchair rugby, is a not for profit charity that has been going for 20 years for the fast growing sport of wheelchair rugby. Their objective is to develop a fully inclusive sport, enabling players to achieve and reach their full potential regardless of financial spatial relation or disability. For more details about funding of the GBWR see (appendix 15).The RFUs grassroots schemes are working fairly well as there are a large amount of young people playing tag rugby that are then filtering through to the higher stages of the game. This is seen in the success of the England team in recent years in both winning the world cup in 2003 and reaching the final in 2007. ho wever out of well 2500 clubs in England only 853 have a youth section, this shows that although the young players are playing rugby there are not as many as many would like to see.

Forensics Text Questions Essay

1. What is liver mortis? How might this reveal information virtually the time of decease? Liver mortis is one sign of finale that occurs when stemma settles in the lower parts of the body. The part where the blood accumaltes can be discolored or turn a purple color after a definite time and reaches its limit at 8-12 hours after death and can help investigators reveal info about time of death. 2. What three human faces does a forensic post-mortem examination seek information about? Describe each of these aspects? They seek information about the cause of death, mechanism of death, and manner of death.The cause of death is the medical creator that caused or led to the death. The mechanism of death refrences to a tool or mechanism used to cause the death. The manner of death has to do with if the death had to do with murder or suicide, not natural causes of death. 3. How can digestion rates give information to forensic scientists about the time of death? Digestion stops whenever s omone dies so that room investigators can look at how far along a food eaten by the viticm is along in the digestion process.4. What is mummification?Mummification is the drying of tissues and bones.5. How can human bones give forensic scientists an indication of get on? Describe some of the aspects that would give this information. Investigators can vanquish some indication of the bones size by smell at the length of the bones or how much wear the bones read. If the bones are smaller then this could indicate that it was a child. If the borns have arthritis or wear in the joints, this can help them iindicate that it was an older person or adult.1. Imagine that you are at a crime scene. You find skeletal remains, and the skeleton is not complete as some of the smaller bones are missing. The bones are within a twenty feet radius. Based on this information, what would you be able to ascertain about the time of death and the individual who was killed? Investigators could indicate how long it has been since time of death by the location of the bones. The time of death would probably be around a year if the bones are 20 feet apart and smaller bones are missing. The missing bones could have been carried away by animals or insects. 2. Out of the different methods to help determine the time of death, which one do you think is nearly effective? Why? I think algor mortis is effectivebecuase the body starts to cool down after death. If a body is cold or at room temperature, investigators can indicate that the dupe has been dead for awhile whereas if the body is warm they can indicate the time of death has been not too long.3. Do you think you would like to participate in an autopsy? Why or why not? I would like to participate in an autposy because I would be interested in seeing how the death affected the boody. It would be interesting the inspect a body and try to figure out the actual cause of death instead of what was said about the cause of death.. Its like yo u be able to have the facts instead of just what was heard. 4. If you were a forensic anthropologist and were studying human remains, what information would you look for in the bones? Why would this information be helpful? I would look for the location of the bones to figuer an count of time of death. I would also look at bone lengths to figure out the age or sometimes gender. I would also look at the wear of the bones and wear around the joints to get an estimate of the age of the victim. I would also look for any arking to see if they had a disease that could have caused the death. I would also look for any fractures or injury in the bones to figure the cause of death.5. What can the distribution of bones tell a forensic scientist? What do you think would be the most challenging aspect of collecting skeletal remains at a crime scene? The distribution of the bones can help investigators get an estimate of the time of death. If the bones are not atached and spread out, then the tim e of death is longer then if they were attached. I think the most challenging aspect in collecting skeletal remains would be figuring out the age oof the victim. There are only few methods in figuring oout the age and it wouldnt be that precise either, just a guess of around an age.

“GOD” and “DOG” Essay

Growing up, my summers were practic eachy spend at my uncles ranch. My mom would drive me up and leave me for about 2 to 3 weeks. Those were the most fruitful and fun-filled summers of my life. At the ranch, I would be far removed from city life and its hectic schedule. Instead, I would spend my mornings in bed, often waking up late to have a very fine breakfast vigilant by my aunt. My cousins were very accommodating and my friendship with them remains to be part of my most-treasured memories. We sleek over keep in touch by E-mail, and roughly times see each other when our schedules eachow.Idyllic and fun as it was, the most haunting and persistent memory I have of those summers at the ranch is that of Evan. Evan is one of my uncles grow hands son, and although he was only slightly older than we were, he had already started drubing at the maturate since he was eight or nine. His friendship helped shape the way I am now, and make a positive impact in my life. His story and fri endship became a personal cause for me, and I am hoping I could lay it down to make it into a more public advocacy. * * * At number 1 I thought his get was Moe, because my cousins called him S scurvy Moe. He was shy and kept to himself, and never went out of his way to utter to us. Mon, my eldest cousin, had a nonher, and simpler, nickname for him Stupid. I felt sorry for him. And maybe that was why I tried my better to befriend him. It was not easy at first, but then he cracked a grinning and the conversation went smoothly after that. One thing that struck me about Moe was that he was actually in markigent. He knew his work, and was really passionate about the horses he tended to. He knew a lot of things about their nature, how to keep them, and how to slake them if they were agitated.His knowledge alike applied to other animals. We had a great time talking about a lot of other things about his life, my life, current events, the news, and even the gossip around town. Just about anything and eachthing was up for discussion. Moreover, he had his own opinions about a lot of issues and I found that really admirable. Sometimes he taught me things like how to ride a horse, or how to jump into the lake without landing so painfully on my stomach. He in like manner taught me about constellations, their names and how to identify them. I excessively found out his real name was Evan, but he had in material body(p) to live with Moe.One night, I ventured asking why he was not in school. Evan just chuckled and said that those kids were evil. I later found out that Evan attended up to the first grade and then refused to go back. His last day at school was an ugly episode wherein some kids in his class called him all kinds of names and beat him almost to death. My cousins initially resented the time I spent with Evan, and even the few times I brought him along with us. He was an outsider, they protested. And they were ashamed to be seen in town with the farm ha nd with no lights on up there. But Evan eventually won them over, and with my cousins realizing that they have been awry(p) with the guy, they developed a better relationship with him. Soon, his nickname was rarely mentioned among us, and we started using his real name. Evan is a dyslexic. During that time, however, he was just plain stupid. I doubt if his parents ever knew his condition or cared about it. Evan was taught at domicil by his mom, who used pictures and drawings to get herself understood. Evan was alright with verbal explanation, but not written ones. I learned about his condition when we ventured into town with my cousins and stopped by a bookstore.He was looking at the firm outside the store and read the sign as bokos. I laughed and he immediately fell silent. I sensed something was wrong, but I kept quiet about it until we reached home. Because we were already close friends by that time, I asked him about it.. He admitted that he couldnt read, and I told him I co uld not believe that. He seemed to be a smart and intelligent person, there is no way he was illiterate. He shook his forefront and insisted that he could not read. He explained that when he read, he always read it wrong. Evan explained that to him, E, M, and W all looked alike, as well as G, O and D.So he reads GOD and DOG as OOO. He elevate said that there are times that he could see the letters, and know what they are, but that they danced around. wish well if he sees the word CAT, he can identify the letters C, A and T, but he could not string it together. Sometimes hed see it as C, A and T, sometimes its A, C, and T. * * * Dyslexia is a disability that affects an individuals reading and writing attainments, a condition that is present in 10% of the general population in various forms and degrees (Dyslexia Action, undated, online).Today, an estimated 15% of American students suffer from dyslexia, and up to half of all Americans have some form of undetected learning disabilit ies. Other studies also report that as some(prenominal) as 2. 9 million school-aged American children have learning disabilities (Edwards, 2006, online. ) Heather Hardie, citing dyslexia expert Sylvia Moody, writes that dyslexia is simply impediment with writing and reading, which may stem from short-term memory weakness, faulty information processing, and weak perceptual, spatial and repel skills. A dyslexic, therefore, can have problems with poor concentration and poor memory.It may manifest subtly, like when a child is slow in reading certain words, but reads them correctly or it may be severe and obvious like in Evans case. Dr. Moody adds that a dyslexic may depict other symptoms and problems like bouts of forgetfulness, difficulties in organization and in keeping time. (Hardie, 2006, p. 26). The overall effects are dramatic. To a child suffering from dyslexia, school work may suffer. Reading is such a basic skill thats required in nearly all school subjects that a dyslexic child is format at a great disadvantage, and often leading to problems with learning. The child usually fails in school.It can also lead to low self-esteem, delinquency, aggression, behavioral problems, and social withdrawal (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007, online). This was clearly seen in Evans case. He was highly shy and preferred to work away from us and mostly kept to himself. This was unfortunate, because his friendship made my summers at my uncles farm more memorable. I hate to theorise how umteen friendships were not developed because of dyslexia. How many children had wanted to reach out and say hi, but was stumped by the fear of being laughed at. The moniker and denounce dyslexic is bad enough, but being thought of as stupid is a million times worse.A child with dyslexia hires a attendantive environment both at home and at school. A parent should explain to the child that it is not his or her fault, and patiently explain the condition to him or her, this will enable the chi ld to cope and compensate for his or her disability. Parents of dyslexic children should also get in touch with teachers, and it might help if they find support groups that can provide both emotional support and good information (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007, online). Dyslexic students grow up to be dyslexic adults, and in the workplace, dyslexia is not a good deal kinder to those who suffer from it.In fact, Linda Goldman and Joan Lewis (2007) writes that information processing disorders, like dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, are considered legal disabilities, self-aggrandising the suffered adequate legal protection against discrimination and requires employers to ensure fairness by making reasonable adjustments in terms of recruiting, training, employing and promoting employees with dyslexia (p. 16). Often a dyslexic worker produces below par work output, manifests poor timekeeping, and often fails to remember instructions.This puts him or her at greater risk to be terminated from work, especially if his or her condition goes undiagnosed and unrecognized (Goldman and Lewis, 2007, p. 16). Even so, most employees with dyslexia need only more time to do their work and to correct problems related to concentration and coordination. This is what reasonable adjustments are all about (Goldman and Lewis, 2007, p. 16). However, I take snapper in the stories of a lot of state who have succeeded in spite of having dyslexia. Pamela Coyle (1996) chronicles the travails and successes of three of them Sylvia Ann Law, David Glass and Jonathan Pazer. wholly of them are noted dyslexics, yet each one succeeded in their fields. Sylvia Law became a professor of, appropriately, law. She also teaches medicine and psychiatry. She is the author of several books and has served as lecturer, as well as strong influence in the fields of civil rights and poverty law. David Glass and Jonathan Pazer are both practicing lawyers. (pp. 64-67). Heather Hardie (2006, p. 24) a dds businessman Richard Branson, comedian Eddie izzard and architect Richard Rogers to the list. Their lives are shining examples of how dyslexia could be overcome, if only one does not give in to low self-esteem and engage in self-pity.More than that, a child with dyslexia should grow up in a supportive environment that would not only foster his development, but also instill in him or her the confidence needed to grow and live life. * * * The last time I saw Evan was more than cardinal years ago. He had become a handsome and confident young man, and has a steady missy who, along with Evans mother, is helping him study for a high school equivalency test. At the time, he was also working at a local fast food chain as a janitor, and at the local school doing odd jobs. But Evan still shies away from contact and conversation with strangers.For my part, I am happy to have met him at a time when I was growing up. He made me think and run into that people have their own problems, and i t is difficult to judge them by what we see. Moreover, he made me realize that whats more important is what we do not see. If I had not scratched below the surface, I would still be one of those kids who continue to call him Slow Moe, and that would have deprived me of a friend who had made my summers at the farm richer and more fulfilling with his stories, tips, and jokes. In a sense, I know I could never convey Evan enough for the impact he had in my life.But I know that I am conveying him with every child, dyslexic or not, that I tutor on reading and writing as a put up for our neighborhood pre-school. I am thanking him by not being mean to other people when they collection a kind of weirdness or stupidity. I am thanking him by not judging people I meet right away. I wish I could do more. I want to tell Evan the next time I see him all about Sylvia Law and other people whom I think would influence him to do better with his life despite his disability. In fact, I hope to be a ble to tell people just how wrong they are at labeling dyslexic people stupid. What they need is love and support. They need all the leeway they can get to help them overcome their disability. They have all the potential to succeed in life, if wefriends, teachers, fellow students, employers, colleagues, and parentsonly give them the chance. Acknowledgments First of all, I want to thank (name of teacher) for magnanimous us this assignment. This exercise has given me the opportunity to think about my life and appreciate a person who I never really thought much about before. Alvin John for proofreading all those drafts and giving suggestions that helped shape this paper.And of course, Evan for the friendship and the insights.References 2007. Dyslexia Complications. Retrieved July 11, 2008, from Mayo Clinic, Web website http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/dyslexia/DS00224/DSECTION=complications 2007. Dyslexia Coping and Support. Retrieved July 11, 2008, from Mayo Clinic, Web site http//w ww. mayoclinic. com/health/dyslexia/DS00224/DSECTION=coping Coyle, Pamela (1996). What Sylvia Law, Jonathan Pazer and David Glass confront when they read or write. ABA Journal, 82, 64. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 10121349).